Browsing by Author "Usha, V"

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Acceptability and nutritional evaluation of hyacinth bean genotypes (Lablab purpureaus (L.) Sweet)
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2002) Vanisree Kathi; Usha, V
Hyacinth bean [Dolichos lablab purpureus CL.) Sweet] in India represents a wide range of variability especially the legumes and it is a major source of protein in the dietary in southern India. Systematic study on the nutritive value and acceptability of the hyacinth bean genotypes has not been evaluated in our state. Hence the present study on the nutritional evaluation and acceptability of hyacinth bean genotypes was taken to identify genotypes with high nutritional qualities and suitability as a vegetable in order to achieve a major break through in the genetic improvement of lablab. The pods at vegetable maturity were analyzed for moisture, fibre, protein, starch, vitamin C, ~-carotene, iron, calcium, potassium and phosphorus. Nutritionally the genotype DL-48 had the maximum score. The nutrient content of the pods varied significantly among the different genotypes selected for the study. In the acceptability study different characters like colour, doneness, texture, flavour and taste were evaluated. The genotype DL-50 and DL-40 got the highest rank for acceptability. Yield wise DL-40 ranked first. The varietal improvement of DL-40 with the objective of improving it's nutritional qualities should be given emphasis in the genetic improvement of lablab with respect to nutritional and organoleptic qualities as well as the yield.
Bio- availability of minerals from pulses
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2010) Ambili Appukkuttan; Usha, V
Dietary factors and diabetes
(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Saramma Abraham; Usha, V
A study on the dietary factors and diabetes was conducted in the city and suburbs of Trivandrum to assess the socio-economic and food consumption pattern of the families of diabetic patients, personal characteristics as well as dietary pattern of the diabetic patients and the effect of diet counseling which was imparted to selected case studies. The results of the socio-economic and dietary survey conducted in 150 families of the diabetic patients, attending the diabetic clinic at Trivandrum Medical College, revealed that, most of the patients resided in the urban area and majority of them belonged to the higher socio-economic group. Regarding the expenditure on food, around 52 percent of the families spent less than 50 percent of their monthly income on food. Only a very few families (2.7 percent) spent more than 75 percent of their monthly income on food. 92 percent of the families studied were non vegetarians. The food purchasing habit of the families showed that cereals and pulses were purchased monthly, milk and fish daily, vegetables roots and tubers were purchased on a weekly basis by majority of the families. The frequency of purchase of processed and bakery food was considerably high. All the families used rice daily but majority of them did not included ragi in their daily dietaries. Frequent use of processed and refined foods was also observed by these families. Milk, fish, vegetables etc. were consumed daily by almost all the families. Oil, sugar, coconut, spices and condiments etc were also included daily in the diet of these families. Palmoil and coconut oil were the most commonly used cooking oils in these families. Almost all the families celebrated special occasions like birthdays, marriage, religious festivals etc. by preparing special food items. The results of the food weighment survey with regard to the consumption pattern of various food groups and the nutrient in take showed that most of the items were consumed in excess of the recommended, especially milk and milk products and flesh foods. The intake of almost all the nutrients were found to be either adequate or more than the recommended, except for nicotinic acid which was low in the case of female members of the families. The calorie intake was found to be higher among the female members of the families than in the male members. The results of the survey on personal characteristics and dietary pattern conducted among the diabetic patients showed that the prevalence of the disease was slightly greater in men. The age at onset of diabetes in majority of the patients was between 46 to 50 years. Most of the patients (63 percent) came in the age group of 41 to 55 years. Regarding the genetic pattern of the incidence of the disease, paternal inheritance was found to be greater. The occurance of hypertension among the diabetic patients was found to be high (22.7 percent). Among the patients studied 29.3 percent were found to be overweight. The incidence of obesity and hypertension was found to be more in the case female patients. The incidence of heart disease was found to be 8.7 percent. Alcoholism smoking and tobacco chewing were regular habits of some of these patients. The diabetic patients studied did not have much knowledge about the role of diet in controlling diabetes. A few patients knew about the foods to be included and the foods to be avoided in their diets. Majority of the patients studied, had a liking for sweets and fried food items and they were in the habit of eating such foods without any restriction. Most of the patients were in the habit of taking hypoglycemic agents like fenugreek, bitter gourd etc. Palm oil and coconut oil were used as cooking medium by majority of these patients. Food items like cereals, milk and milk products, oils, coconut etc., were used daily by all the patients fish, vegetables etc. were also used daily by almost all the patients. The diet counseling in the diabetic clinic was studied through observation and it was found that the diet counseling was given without the help of the dietitian. The diet planning was not according to individual needs of the patients. Most of the patients were not satisfied with the quantity of food as prescribed in the clinic. The actual intake of major nutrients by the diabetic patients was assessed through food weighment survey and it was found that the calorie intake was higher in all the patients. The proportion of calories from fat was found to be high in almost all the patients and the proportion of calories from carbohydrate was considerably low in many patients. The present study showed that educating the patients with regard to the diabetic diet is very important in the control of the disease. The diet counseling which was imparted by the investigator in selected case studied was found to be effective in achieving metabolic control of diabetes. This was evident from the biochemical studies conducted which showed a significant reduction in the blood and urine glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. This implies that diet counseling and education of the patients regarding the significance of diet in diabetes is important in the control of the disease.
Dietary habits and nutritional profile of school children participating in the school lunch programme
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2000) Mini Padikkal, P; Usha, V
A study was conducted among the school children (7-9 age group) to find out the food consumption pattern and nutritional status of children who are the beneficiaries of school lunch programme of the state. The socio-economic details inferred through the survey were found to be . satisfactory. Nuclear families with better living conditions and good educational levels of the parents were the main factors observed. Most of the children were completely immunized. Food consumption survey results revealed a dietary pattern of rice, pulses, vegetables and coconut oil. The consumption of green leafy vegetables and fruits by the families was found to be negligible. Dietary profile of school children revealed that the intake of all the food groups except that of flesh foods were below the RDA. But when compared to the control group there was a significant increase in the intake of cereals, pulses, other vegetables, roots and tubers, flesh foods and sugar and jaggery in the experimental group. Dental caries was observed in majority of the children. Anaemia was the most prevalent nutritional deficiency disorder among children. Prevalence of malnutrition as revealed by anthropometric survey indicated that the mean height and weight of children in both control and experimental group was low, when compared with Indian standards. But the difference in . the body weight between the control and experimental group of children were statistically significant. Severe malnutrition was not observed in both groups. From the above observations it can be concluded that there was no incidence of severe grades of malnutrition among children. When compared with Indian . . standard alues, both groups of children were found to have low values. But based on different grades of malnutrition most of the children in experinlental group came under normal nutritional status and grade I malnutrition. But majority of children in the control group where having grade I and grade IT malnutrition. Intake of protein and vitamins such as riboflavin was found to be high in control group when compared to RDA. But in experimental group the intake of retinal and niacin was high when compared to RDA. The intake of all other nutrients were below the RDA in both groups.
Food habits and nutritional profile of adolescents
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2001) Shiji Paul; Usha, V
The present study entitled, "Food habits and nutritional profile of adolescents" was carried out among 200 adolescents (100 boys and 100 girls) in Thrissur Municipal area. Nuclear family system with good housing and living conditions was found in most of the families. Educational status of parents was high. Most of the fathers were working in private sectors and earned above 12000 rupees per month. But most of the mothers were unemployed. Majority of the adolescents completed their immunization schedule and more girls had normal birth weight than boys. All the adolescents were having the habit of watching T.v. programmes daily. Boys had more number of friends than girls. Most of the boys were interested in sports & games where as girls were interested in watching T.V programmes and reading during their leisure time. Most of them were interested in watching T.Y. advertisements and more girls -were motivated to purchase processed foods than boys. Boys preferred soft drinks where as girls preferred chocolates. Majority of the adolescents took their breakfast and carried packed lunch. Boys received more pocket money than girls. Most of the boys spent their pocket money where as girls saved their pocket money. Boys preferred the company of their friends to go outside for eating once in a week. But girls went out once in a month with their family members and all adolescents preferred non vegetarian foods. Boys preferred branded soft drinks and were more conscious about their body weight and figure than girls. Unhealthy personal habits were observed only among boys. Boys had more favourable attitude than girls towards their own eating habits. But parents of adolescent girls had more favourable attitude towards the eating habits of their daughters. Majority of the families were non vegetarians and followed 3 major meal pattern. Cereals, milk and milk products, fats and oils and sugar I jaggery were used daily but processed foods were used less frequently by the families. Most of the families preferred rice and rice based preparations for breakfast, lunch and dinner and fried foods were preferred for evening tea. Adolescents also preferred cereal based preparations for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Preparations with vegetables, egg, meat, chicken & fish were used most frequently as side dishes. Majority of the families celebrated special occasions and bought prepared non vegetarian foods from hotels. Consumption of foods such as green leafy vegetables, milk and milk products and roots and tubers and nutrients such as iron, retinol and riboflavin were low among adolescents. Mean body weight of the adolescents was below the Indian standard but mean height of girls was above the Indian standard. Majority of the adolescent boys had grade I and grade II malnutrition whereas girls had grade I malnutrition. Chronic energy deficiency of grade II and III was more prevalent among adolescent boys. Clinical manifestations of deficiency symptoms was very low among the adolescents. The prevalence of anaemia was mild to moderate in boys and it was mild in girls.
Influence of dietary habits on atherosclerosis
(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1990) Leena Joseph, P; Usha, V
A study on the influence of dietary habits on atherosclerosis was conducted among patients attending the Cardiac clinic at Medical College. Trivandrum. An assessment of the socio economic and food consumption pattern of the families of atherosclerotic patients. personal characteristics as well as dietary pattern of the patients and the effect of diet counselling which was imparted to selected case studies was also made. The results of the socio economic and dietary survey conducted in 100 families of the atherosclerotic patients, attending the Cardiac clinic at Trivandrum Medical College, revealed that, most of the patients belonging to the low socio economic group, resided in the rural areas and were habitual non vegetarians (95 per cent). Around 63 per cent of the families spent upto 60 per cent of their monthly income on food, purchasing staple food articles like cereals and roots and tubers weekly, perishable foods like milk, fish, leafy vegetables and other vegetables daily, and other foods like oilseeds, cooking oils, sugar and spices and condiments monthly. Pulses, fruits, meat and egg were purchased only occasionally by majority of the families. All the families used rice daily but majority of them were not in the habit of using cereals other than rice and wheat in their daily dietaries. Milk, fish, vegetables and cereals, palm oil, coconut oil, sugar, coconut, spices and condiments etc. were consumed daily by almost all the families. A comparison of daily food intake with RDA indicated that consumption of fruits, fish and meat, milk and milk products and sugar were in excess. The intake of almost all the nutrients were found to be satisfactory in the case of male members in the family, while the intakes of most of the nutrients was found to be higher among the female members. The personal characteristics and dietary pattern of the patients showed that the prevalence of the disease was high in men and the age at onset of disease was between 41-65 years. Twenty two per cent of the patients had a family history of the disease. The occurrence of hyper-tension (54 per cent), obesity (33 per cent) and diabetic (25 percent) among the patients was found to be prevalent. Alcoholism, smoking and tobacco chewing were also found in few patients. Fried food items prepared in palm oil or coconut oil were consumed without any restrictions some patients were in the habit of taking hypocholesterolemic agents like bittergourd, garlic etc. Inclusion of food exchanges which supplied more calories was food to be more frequent in their daily diets. Diet counselling at Cardiac clinic was imparted without the help of a dietition and the diet planning was not according to the individual needs of the patients. Most of the patients were not satisfied with the modified diet prescribed in the clinic. Amount of the actual intake of major nutrients by patients through food weighment survey indicated that the proportion of calories from fat was found to be high in all the patients and the proportion of calories from carbohydrate was considerably low. The present study indicated that educating the patients. With regard to a modified diet suitable to their individual life styles and economic conditions is very important in the control of the disease. The diet counselling which was imparted by the investigator in selected case studies for six months was found to be effective in controlling blood lipid levels of atherosclerotic patients. This implies that a well balanced diet with the correct proportion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats according to the patients ideal body weights will bring about a reduction in the blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
KUNJUGALUDE AAHARAKRAMAM
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1998) Prema, L; Mary, Ukru; Vimalakumari, N A; Usha, V
Maracheeni vibhavangal
(Kerala Agricultural University, 2000) Prema, L; Marry, Ukru; Usha, V; Vimalakumari, K
Nutritional and organoleptic qualities of value added products from breadfruit [Artocarpus altilis (Park) Fosberg]
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Sharon, C L; Usha, V
Nutritional evaluation and acceptability of ivy genotypes ( Coccinia indica (L) Voigt)
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2006) Renjumol, P V; Usha, V
Ivy gourd (Coccinia indica) is a perennial underexploited cucurbitaceous vegetable grown in the southern, western and eastern parts of India. The study on ‘Nutritional evaluation and acceptability of ivy gourd genotypes (Coccinia indica (L.) Voigt)’ was also to asses the chemical composition and acceptability of four ivy gourd genotypes in different stages of maturity i.e., vegetable maturity and over maturity.The physical characteristics of the fruits of all genotypes showed variations. Maximum fruit length and fruit weight were observed in the released variety Sulabha. The day for attaining vegetable maturity was 7 days for CG-82 and 9 days for Sulabha and CG-81. Sulabha took 6 days from vegetable maturity to show visible changes of over maturity, where as the other three genotypes over matured within 5 days.The fruits in vegetable maturity and over maturity were analysed for moisture, fibre, protein, vitamin C, β-carotene, total phenol, total pectins, mucilage, calcium, phosphorus, iron and potassium. There was no significant difference between genotypes in the case of constituents like protein and total pectins. But in other constituents like moisture, fibre, vitamin C, β-carotene, total phenol, mucilage, calcium, phosphorus, iron and potassium, there was significant difference between the genotypes. When compared to vegetable maturity and over maturity, there was significant difference in constituents between these two maturity stages. The changes in constituents like vitamin C, β-carotene and total phenol analysed in three different stages of vegetable maturity i.e., the day just before the average vegetable maturity (7th day after flowering), the day of average vegetable maturity (8th day after flowering) and the day just after the day of average vegetable maturity (9th day after flowering). Vitamin C and total phenol showed a decreasing trend with increased maturity. But β-carotene content increased as maturity increased. Changes in vitamin C, β-carotene and total phenol in average vegetable maturity and observed vegetable maturity revealed that there was no significant difference in vitamin C content of all genotypes in these two maturity stages. But in the case of β-carotene and total phenol there observed a significant difference between these two maturity stages.The acceptability of ivy gourd genotypes revealed that in observed vegetable maturity there was no significant variation in the overall acceptability in between genotypes. In over mature stage also no significant variation was observed in overall acceptability in between genotypes.Overall acceptability of ivy gourd genotypes in their observed vegetable maturity was found to be more acceptable when compared to their over maturity stage.Acceptability studies on 7th, 8th and 9th days after flowering indicated that, acceptability of CG-27 with regard to appearance, colour and texture was high in the 8th day, which was also its observed vegetable maturity. Variation was not observed in vitamin C, β-carotene and total phenols in the 8th day. In CG-81 no significant variation was observed in acceptability as well as in vitamin C and total phenols between 7th, 8th and 9th day, but β-carotene was high in 9th day. In CG-82 also the same trend was observed but β-carotene was very low in the 7th day. In Sulabha taste was highly acceptable during the 9th day, which was its observed vegetable maturity. There was no difference in vitamin C and total phenols but β-carotene was high in the 9th day. In all genotypes β-carotene content was significantly high in over mature stage.
Nutritional profile and endurance capacity of adolescent girls
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture,Vellanikkara, 2001) Seeja Thomachan Panjikkaran; Usha, V
The present study 'Nutritional profile and endurance capacity of adolescent girls' was conducted among 150 adolescent girls of 13-15 years of age. Information regarding the socio-economic conditions of the families indicated that majority of the families were Hindus. Nuclear families with satisfactory housing conditions and living facilities were the striking features observed. Majority of the family heads were labourers and earned Rs.l 000 to 4000 per month. Food consumption survey revealed that rice was the staple food and all of them were habitual non-vegetarians. The prevalence of current malnutrition of various grades was found to be more among adolescent girls indicated by their weight for age. The most common nutritional deficiency disease observed among adolescent girls was anaemia. More than 50 per cent of adolescent girls had lower levels of haemoglobin. Consumption of cereals, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, roots and tubers, fruits, milk and milk products, fats and oils, meat, fish and egg and sugar and jaggery were lower than the RDA. In case of nutrient intake only energy level was found to be adequate. None of the adolescent girls had good or excellent endurance capacity. Body weight is an important factor contributing to physical work capacity and high average endurance capacity was observed among majority of girls with normal weight for age. Other contributing factors observed for low endurance capacity was their low haemoglobin levels and low nutrient intakes. In spite of their low nutritional status and nutrient intake, their habitual physical activities have a positive effect on their endurance capacity.
Nutritional profile and mental functions of preschool children belonging to agricultural labourer families in Thrissur district
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1996) Shyna, P K; Usha, V
A Study was conducted among the preschool children belonging to agricultural labourer families in Thrissur district, to find out their nutritional profile and to analyse the association if any, between nutritional profile and mental functions of these children. The socio economic details inferred through the survey were found to be satisfactory. Nuclear families with better housing facilities and good educational level was the striking feature observed. Immunization and other health care facilities were better utilized by the families. Food consumption survey results revealed a dietary pattern of vegetables, pulses, coconut and coconut oil. The inclusion of green leafy vegetables and fruits by the families was found to be negligible. Dietary profile of preschool children revealed that the food groups and nutrient intakes were below the RDA levels. Prevalence of malnutrition as revealed by anthropometric survey indicated that most of the children were normal. But prevalence of grade I and grade II malnutrition was observed in some children. Majority of the preschool children were having average IQ. Association between nutrient intake and IQ of children when statistically analysed showed that 53 percent variation in IQ could be explained by the overall nutrient intake (calorie, protein and iron). Association between nutritional status (anthropometric indices) and IQ of preschool children when statistically analysed, it was found that 58.5 percent variation in IQ can be attributed their body measurements.
Nutritional profile of preschool children of fisherman
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Aneena, E R; Usha, V
The present study entitled ''Nutritional profile of preschool children of fishermen community" was conducted among 100 preschool children of 4-5 years age group in the coastal areas ofThrissur district. Information regarding the socio economic conditions of the fishermen community indicated that the majority of them were Hindus. Joint family system was found in most of the families High educational status was an out standing feature observed. Poor housing conditions and living facilities were observed in majority of the households. Majority of the families earned between Rs.1500-Rs.3000.Food consumption survey revealed that all of them were habitual non vegetarians and rice and roots and tubers were the staple foods used. Fish was the most frequently used food item Foods like green leafy vegetables, vegetables, meat and eggs were rarely included in the diet. Dietary profile of preschool children indicated that all the food groups were far below the RDA except for pulses and fish. The nutritional intake was, satisfactory with respect to protein, thiamine and riboflavin Energy intake was found to be below 70 percent of RDA. Other nutrients like calcium, vitamin A and vitamin C were also significantly low. Mild symptoms of vitamin A deficiency as manifested by pigmentation in the eyes is an important feature observed in clinical examination. Majority of them had dental carries due to poor oral hygiene. More than 40 percent of children showed severe height deficit for their age, which may be due to nutritional, and other environmental factors. However, as per weight for age classification most of the children were coming under grade I and grade II malnutrition that had a significant relation with their nutrient intake showing the prevalence of current malnutrition. Distribution of children based on the anthropometric indices also revealed the prevalence of moderate malnutrition among preschool children in this community. The present study reveals that nutritional status of preschool children of fishermen community is not less than the nutritional status of preschool children in other rural poor communities of Kerala.
Nutritional profile of women participating in kudumbasree programmes
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2009) Shiji, N; Usha, V
Nutritional studies on the bioavailability of iron from cereals and pulses
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1998) Jainita M Mehta; Usha, V
Nutritional studies to evaluate the bioavailability of iron was conducted among three selected cereals i.e., rice, wheat and ragi and six pulses i.e., Bengal gram, green gram, black gram, horse gram, cowpea and soya bean. The results of the study indicated that among cereals though the total iron was maximum for ragi but the absolute available iron was less mainly due to its high fibre and tannin content. Its availability was considerably improved by germinating ragi for 48 hours when cereals were processed, refined wheat flour had the maximum iron availability owing to the reduction of fibre and phytic acid content on refining, while ragi had the least iron availability. Among pulses the total and absolute available iron was maximum for bengal gram and soya bean and least for black gram which was found to be high in phytin phosphorus and tannin content. The total and absolute available iron increased on dehulling pulses except in the case of soyabean. This increase in iron was mainly due to the fact that most of the tannins reside in the seed coat of pulses which are removed on dehulling. A further increase in the iron content was observed on germinating the pulses due to the break down of antinutritional factors during germination. A slight increase in the absolute available iron of fermented and unfermented idli batter was observed which became more available on cooking by steaming. On germinating and roasting ragi almost a four to six fold increase in the absolute available iron was observed while in pulse the absolute available iron almost doubled on roasting bengal gram while a ten to fifteen fold increase was observed in black gram. A further increase in iron was observed on roasting the pulses after dehulling. Similarly, on frying cereals and pulses only a slight increase in total and absolute available iron was observed which considerably increased when pulses were fried after dehulling. The total iron and absolute available iron was maximum for pressure cooked rice rather than rice boiled by excess water method. Similar results were observed when pulses were boiled after soaking due to the leaching of appreciable quantities of tannins. A further increase in iron content was observed on pressure cooking the soaked pulses. The effect of different cooking vessels on the total and absolute available iron, observed by different cooking and processing methods revealed that the total iron was maximum for cereals and pulses cooked in iron vessels mainly due to the contamination of iron from the iron cook ware. The absolute available iron was maximum for cereals and pulses cooked in inert vessels like glass, mud and tufflon coated vessels and it was least in the case of aluminium vessels which react with food constituents forming complex compounds which makes the iron unavailable. Phytin phosphorus, an inhibitor of iron absorption was noted to reduce on dehulling and germinating of cereals and pulses thus increasing the absolute available iron. Among pulses, whole black gram contained the maximum amount of phytin phosphorus and tannins while green gram contained the least amount of phytin phosphorus. It was observed that the tannin content in pulses greatly reduced on dehulling pulses as the tannins are in the seed coat, consequently increasing the iron availability. When ragi was germinated the tannin content reduced increasing the total, ionisable and absolute available iron. On analysing the fibre content of cereals it was observed that whole wheat flour had the maximum amount of crude fibre which reduced to a minimum on refining thus increasing the absolute available iron. Similar results were observed when ragi was germinated where the fibre content reduced with increasing hours of germination up to 48 hours. When pulses were dehulled, fibre was seen to reduce greatly simultaneously increasing the iron availability. On germinating pulses, similar results were observed up to 48 hours of germination indicating that 48 hours of germination is adequate for maximum reduction in fibre content. Pulses do not contain ascorbic acid other than when they are germinated. Thus with increase in germination time the ascorbic acid is seen to increase simultaneously increasing the total and absolute available iron. Among the pulses analysed bengal gram was found to have the highest ascorbic acid content on germination. Iron absorption studies from typical Kerala diets revealed that diet III containing heme iron had the highest ionisable iron while all the diets were high in iron absorption inhibitors. Modification of the local diets by supplementing or substituting foods containing iron absorption enhancers or by processing methods increased the absolute available iron from the diets. Thus by substituting or supplementing locally available, low cost foods, high in bioavailable iron to rice based diets would enhance the absolute available iron of our diets.
Process standardisation for banana wine
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2011) Saritha, E V; Usha, V
Quality evaluation of Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) products
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2002) Saima, N S; Usha, V
The study on "Quality evaluation of Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) products" was undertaken to evaluate the different Indian gooseberry products for their acceptability, chemical composition and storage stability. Six best accepted Indian gooseberry products viz., tutifruiti, preserve, salad, samosa, jelly and candy were selected from a total of eighteen Indian gooseberry products by conducting a preliminary acceptability study using score card in 120 individuals . • The fresh, sugar treated and salt treated Indian gooseberry and the selected products were analysed forchemical constituents like moisture, vitamin C, tannin, sugar, fibre and iron and found that the salt treated gooseberry had a lower vitamin C, retention when compared to the sugar treated gooseberry. Among the products, the maximum vitamin C was observed in salad and the least in samosa. The maximum moisture and fibre content was observed in salad, sugar content in jelly, tannin content in candy and iron content in preserve. The yield and cost ratio of the selected products was computed. Based on the ratio candy was found to be the most economical product. Among the six Indian gooseberry products selected for the storage study, two products viz., samosa and salad were found to be highly perishable and were deleted from the detailed storage study. The remaining four products viz., candy, preserve, tutifruiti and jelly were stored under ambient and refrigerated conditions in glass bottle, polypropylene bottle and polypropylene bag for a period of six months and their chemical constituents, organoleptic qualities and microbial load were analysed at monthly intervals. The chemical constituents viz., moisture, vitamin C, tannin, sugar, fibre and iron were analysed. All the chemical constituents were found to reduce with the storage period except sugar which showed an increase with the storage period. All the products were found to retain better vitamin C when stored under refrigerated condition. Compared to the products stored in ambient condition the refrigerated products were found to contain higher tannin and lower fibre content. No significant variation in iron retention was t>bserved with storage condition. Refrigerated storage condition was found to be ideal for better retention of nutrients. With regard to packaging systems all the products exhibited higher vitamin C retention when stored in glass bottle and the least when stored in polypropylene bag. Sugar, fibre and iron content of the products were also found to be more when stored in glass bottle when compared to the products stored in , polypropylene bag. Thus glass bottle was found to be the ideal packaging system compared to polypropylene bottle and polypropylene bag with regard to chemical constituents. The organoleptic quality attributes VIZ., appearance, colour, flavour, texture and taste were evaluated in all the products stored under ambient and refrigerated condition in glass bottle, polypropylene bottle and polypropylene bag at monthly intervals for a period of six months. The evaluation revealed that with regard to all the quality criteria analysed the preserve and tutifruiti were best accepted by the 6th month under both storage condition. The ideal storage period for candy and jelly under both ambient and refrigerated condition was for three months. With regard to the quality parameters like the appearance, colour, flavour and taste all the products exhibited the maximum acceptability when stored in glass bottle and the least acceptability was for the products in polypropylene bag except for texture. Thus the glass bottle was found to be the ideal packaging system for Indian gooseberry products in terms of organoleptic qualities also. The results of the above study revealed that compared to other processed fruit products Indian gooseberry products have better nutritive value. It The products were found to retain a significant amount of vitamin C even after storage. The maximum retention of vitamin C was found in candy (38%) stored in glass bottle under refrigerated condition. The glass bottle storage was found to be ideal for higher retention of chemical constituents and for best acceptability. The study highlighted the significance of processed amla products as a solution for the increased consumer demand for nutritious, delicately flavoured and economical fruit products all throughout the year.
Quality evaluation of selected vegetables under rain shelter and open field cultivation
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, 2005) Nashath, K H; Usha, V
The study on “Quality evaluation of selected vegetables under rain shelter and open field cultivation” was aimed at assessing the duration of maturity, nutritional composition, anti nutritional factors and acceptability of the two varieties of amaranth, capsicum and tomato cultivated under rain shelter and open field in rainy season in the Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara. The vegetables are analysed for moisture, fibre, protein, starch, calcium, iron, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, vitamin C, b carotene and lycopene (tomato only). The results revealed that among the different constituents present in amaranth the mean content of moisture, protein, phosphorous and sodium were high in ‘Arun’ grown under rain shelter. The mean fibre, starch, calcium, iron, potassium and vitamin C contents were highest in the variety ‘Mohini’ under rain shelter. The b carotene content of amaranth was highest in the variety ‘Mohini’ under open field condition. Regarding the nutrient constituents of capsicum the mean content of moisture, starch, calcium, phosphorous and vitamin C were highest in the variety ‘Pusa Deepthi’ growing under rain shelter where as the mean content of fibre, protein, iron, potassium and sodium were highest in the variety ‘California Wonder’ cultivated under same condition. The b carotene content was high in ‘California Wonder’ cultivated under open field condition. In tomato the mean content of protein, starch, calcium, iron, phosphorous, vitamin C, b carotene and lycopene were highest in the variety ‘Anagha’ cultivated under rain shelter where as mean content of moisture, fibre, sodium and potassium were highest in the variety ‘Shakthi’ cultivated under the same condition. The anti nutritional factors namely oxalates and nitrates present in amaranth cultivated under rain shelter and open field conditions were also analysed. The results revealed that the oxalate and nitrate content of amaranth showed no significant variation between rain shelter and open field crops in both the varieties. Results of organoleptic evaluation of vegetables indicated that significant variation in acceptability between the vegetables cultivated under rain shelter and open field condition. The vegetables cultivated under rain shelter were found to be more acceptable.
Quality evaluation of value added products with marine and fresh water fish
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2009) Soumya, P S; Usha, V
Fish is recognized as an excellent source of protein, containing all the ten essential amino acids in desirable concentrations for human beings and available at cheaper rate. The present study, on “Quality evaluation of value added products with marine and fresh water fish” was aimed at evaluating the nutrients and developing products from four fish varieties namely pink perch (Nemipterus raponicus) and silver belly (Gerres filamentoses) belonging to marine species and tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) and katla (Catla catla) of fresh water species. Thus, in addition to the role of income generation, value addition helps to increase the acceptability of the fishes which are presently under utilized. The fresh fish varieties were analysed for chemical constituents like moisture, fat, protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A and peroxide value. Marine fish were found to be rich sources of calcium, phosphorus iron and fat, whereas fresh water fish were rich in protein and vitamin A. Fat content was comparatively low. Yield of fish muscle was found to be high in fresh water species like katla (78 per cent) and tilapia (75.5 per cent). Higher peroxide value was observed in marine varieties. The fish products like cutlet and stick were prepared following standard procedures and were packed in polythene covers and stored for a period of two months. The peroxide value of the products were found to increase with the storage period with significant variation. Products made out of pink perch had the highest peroxide value throughout the storage period and the lowest was in silver belly. Organoleptic evaluation of the products were carried out using a 9-point hedonic scale. Qualities such as appearance, colour, flavour, texture and taste of the developed products were evaluated for a period of two months at fortnightly intervals. The sensory qualities were found to decrease during storage with significant variation. Fish cutlets and sticks made of katla fish had the highest acceptability throughout the storage period. Microbial enumeration of the products revealed that there was a gradual increase in the microbial population with the storage period. Maximum bacterial count was in cutlets made of pink perch initially (1.33x105cfug-1) and finally (10.66 x105cfug-1). Minimum bacterial load was for katla. There was no significant variation in the bacterial load of fresh water fish cutlets but significant variation was observed in marine fish cutlet with pink perch showing significantly high bacterial load. Fungal population was detected in cutlets after 15th day of storage without any significant variation, but after 30 days, cutlet made of pink perch showed significantly high fungal population. Maximum yeast population was also in pink perch cutlet (2.66x103cfug-1) In fish stick also after 60 days of storage, bacterial count was maximum in pink perch (9.00x105cfug-1), fungal count and yeast count 7.33x103cfug-1 and 2.00x103cfug-1 respectively. The shelf life of the products with acceptable maximum total plate count was for 30 days. After 30 days of storage, the products had a total plate count higher than 5x105cfug-1 and also higher peroxide value which is an indication of developing rancidity of fats. This was reflected in their lowered organoleptic qualities with storage period. Katla fish products showed highest overall acceptability may be due to their comparatively low fat content in fish muscle (2.5g 100g-1). After two months of storage the products were found to be slimy with unpleasant odour. Computation of nutritive value of cutlets per packet (4 cutlets, 20g each) revealed a high protein content in tilapia (11.92g), calcium in pink perch (498.24mg), phosphorus in silver belly (382mg), iron in silver belly (2.96mg) and vitamin A in katla (93.12µg). Nutritive value of fish stick per packet (4 sticks, 25g each) revealed a high protein content in tilapia (16.36g), calcium in pink perch (698.12mg), phosphorus in silver belly (519.68mg), iron in silver belly (2.84mg) and vitamin A in katla (72.96µg) respectively.
Standardisatin and quality evaluation of protein enriched mango bars
(Department of Home Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2005) Sherin, N A; Usha, V
The present study on “Standardization and quality evaluation of protein enriched mango bars” was aimed to standardize protein enriched mango bars with pulse protein and to improve the storage life of fruit bars with suitable packaging materials. The CMB was prepared using standard procedure and PEMB was standardized with green gram as a source of protein and were analysed for moisture, acidity, TSS, reducing sugar, total sugar, crude fiber, protein,  carotene, vitamin C, calcium, iron and potassium. There was significant variation in the nutrient content of CMB and PEMB. The moisture, crude fiber, protein, calcium, iron and potassium were significantly high in PEMB than CMB. The CMB and PEMB packed in two packaging materials namely metallised polyester polyethylene laminate pouches (MPP) and polypropylene (PP) bags were stored for three months under ambient conditions. The chemical constituents, organoleptic qualities and the microbial load were analysed initially and after three months of storage. The acidity, TSS and reducing sugar had increased whereas the moisture, total sugar, crude fiber, protein,  carotene, vitamin C, calcium, iron and potassium had decreased after the storage period. The CMB and PEMB packed in MPP had better retention of nutrients than PP packed sample. The organoleptic evaluation revealed that there was significant reduction in the sensory qualities of mango bar such as appearance, colour, texture and taste on storage but there was no significant reduction in the flavour of PEMB due to storage. Both the fruit bars had better acceptability in MPP stored samples after storage. The overall acceptability of CMB was high in both the packaging materials than PEMB. A gradual increase in the bacterial, fungal and yeast count was observed during storage of CMB and PEMB. The CMB and PEMB packed in MPP showed less bacterial, fungal and yeast growth. The PEMB packed in PP had highest BC ratio. But nutrient retention and acceptability was more in MPP and it had BC ratio above one hence, economically beneficial also.