PG Thesis
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Item Pollen morphology, fertility and compatibility studies in banana(Department of Pomology, Floriculture and Landscapping,College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1984) Jay Krishna Lal Karmacharya; Aravindakshan, MItem Effect of ethephon , NAA and GA on flowering and fruit set In mango (Mangifera indica L.)(Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1987) Suma, A; Aravindakshan, MThe importance of mango as a commercial fruit crop suffers very much due to the biennial bearing habit observed among most of the superior cultivars. Another important problem faced by mango cultivators is the enormous shedding of young fruits and flowers which will result in great loss. An attempt is made here to induce flowering in mango by application of ethephon at different concentrations in the first experiment. The different concentrations of ethephon tried were 100, 200, 300 and 500 ppm along with water spray as control. These sprays were given at 15 day intervals, the first spray commencing on September 15 th 1981. The varieties tried were Banganapally, Imampasant, Mundappa and Neelum. In all the varieties tried ethrel treatment induced early flowering, the optimum concentration being 200 ppm. By the application of ethephon more number of inflorescences were produced. The optimum concentration which induced maximum flowering in Banganapally and Neelum was 200 ppm, 300 ppm in Imampasant and 100 ppm in Mundappa. The percentage of hermaphrodiate flowers and male flowers produced in a panicle were not affected by treatments. The yield of fruits were found to increase by ethephon treatment. In Banganapally and Neelum maximum number of fruits were produced by 200 ppm, while 300 ppm and 100 ppm were found best for Imampasant and Mundappa respectively, In a overall analysis maximum content of carbohydrates was observed just before flowering and it reduced gradually after flowering. A similar trend as that of carbohydrates was observed for carbohydrate/nitrogen ratio. In Experiment 11 an attempt was made to tackle the premature fruit-drop by application of NAA and GA. Their effect on initial fruit set and quality of fruits were also observed. The treatments were as follows. NAA - 0,10,20,30 and 40 ppm GA - 0,25,50,75 and 100 ppm The chemicals were applied three times at weekely intervals, the first spray commencing when the panicles were in full bloom. The varieties tried were Banganapally, Imampasant, Mundappa and Neelum. Generally GA treatments were found better in increasing fruit set and GA 100 ppm particularly proved most effective in increasing initial fruit set when compared to other treatments in all the varieties studied. Fruit drop at different stages of fruit development viz., mustard, pea, marble and pre-harvest stages were found to be effectively controlled by NAA treatments in all the varieties. Among the NAA treatments NAA 40 ppm proved to be the best treatment. Increased fruit weight was observed by application of NAA 40 ppm in all the varieties. Fruit-length was found to be increased by GA treatment while girth was found maximum for NAA 40 ppm. In all the varieties fruit quality was found to be enhanced by NAA treatments, in general, but notable effects were seen for NAA 40 ppm, the application of which resulted in maximum TSS, sugar content and Vitamin C.Item Potassium nutrition in rainfed banana Musa (AAB group) Palayan kodan(Department of Pomology, Floriculture and Landscapping, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1982) Sheela, V L; Aravindakshan, MItem Regulation of fruit size and maturity in pineapple(Department of Pomology & Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1981) Baby Latha, A K; Aravindakshan, MIn spite of spectacular achievement obtained In controlling flowering In pineapple by the application of ethrel In recent times, uniformity In fruit size In large pineapple plantings, even under uniform cultural and manurlal schedules, is seldom achieved in Kerala. Both 1n plant crop and especially in rations, a considerable percentage of fruits fall below standard. Regulation of fruit size and maturity will help to Increase the fruit size as well as to extend the period of harvest. The present Investigations were carried out In the Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanlkkara from 1988 to 1980 to study the effect of different concentrations of NAA (0, SO, 100, 200 and 300 ppm) at different stages of application (at Inflorescence emergence, one month after Inflorescence emergence, two months after Inflorescence emergence, three months after 1nfIorescenee emergence and four months after Inflorescence emergence) on the size, maturity and quality of fruits and also to assess the best time of application of NAA, on pineapple variety. ‘Kew’. Uniform flowering was Induced by giving a combination treatment of 25 ppm ethrel, 2 per cent urea and 0.04 per cent CaCO3. Considering the quality parameters like T.S.S., acidity and total sugars, the period between 132 and 135 days after Inflorescence emergence appeared to be the best time of harvest of pineapple fruits. Application of NAA was found to Increase the fruit size the maximum being effected by 300 ppm NAA applied one month after Inflorescence emergence.200 ppm NAA applied at the same stage and 300 ppm applied at Inflorescence emergence and two months after Inflorescence emergence had a similar effect. Maximum delay in fruit maturity was observed by the application of 300 ppm NAA followed by 200 ppm NAA. There was significant Increase In fruit size 1n different leaf groups when 300 ppm NAA was applied one month after Inflorescence emergence. The reduction in fruit size associated with lower leaf number could thus be improved by the application of NAA.