PG Thesis

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    Heavy metal stabilized sewage sludge compost as a growth medium for ornamentals
    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Rehana, M R; Biju Joseph
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    Vegetative propagation in african marigold
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture , Padannakkad, 2019) Amruta Sankannavar; Satheeshan, K V
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    Effect of growth retardants on growth and yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Padannakkad, 2017) Sunayana, S; Meera Manjusha, A V
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    Standardization of grafting techniques in african marigold (tagetes erecta L.) for combating bacterial wilt
    (Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2018) Athira Baburaj; Sreelatha, U
    The present study entitled “Standardization of grafting techniques in African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) for combating bacterial wilt” was taken up in the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Horticulture, during the year 2017-2018. The work was carried out under three experiments viz.,standardisation of grafting techniques, assay of enzyme activity and histological studies. The rootstock used in the study was the bacterial wilt resistant local collection M- and the wilt susceptible F1hybrid Maria 91 was used as scion. Grafting was done in the month of January. Three methods of grafting viz., cleft, splice and hole insertion were tried at different ages of rootstock (4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks after sowing) and different ages of scion (3, 4 and 5 weeks after sowing). Observation of graft survival was taken at 15 DAG (Days after grafting). It was observed that cleft grafting four week old scion on to six week old rootstock was found to be the best with a graft survival of 61 percent. It was also observed that there was no survival when grafting was done on four week old rootstock irrespective of age of scion and grafting method followed. Estimation of catalase and peroxidase was carried out to study the activity of these enzymes in graft union formation. Sampling was done at 4,8 and 15DAG. It was observed that, activities of both the enzymes increased from 4DAG to 15DAG. Highest catalase activity at 4th (0.85 EU/g), 8th (1.39 EU/g) and 15th (1.60 EU/g) DAG was observed in cleft grafting of four week old scion on to six week old rootstock. Similar results were also observed in peroxidase activity. Correlation of catalase and peroxidase activity with survival of grafts indicated that both the enzymes are positively correlated with graft survival. Histological studies of the grafts consisted of both anatomical studies and histochemical staining for lignin. It was observed that there was an intensification of the stain from 4DAG to 15DAG with advancement of lignification process in graft union. Histological studies also revealed the formation of necrotic layer in the graft union, as a result of wound repair and cell proliferation. Cleft grafting of four week old scion on six week old wilt resistant rootstock is the best method in African marigold for combating bacterial wilt.
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    Evaluation of african marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) hybrids/ varieties for yield and resistance to bacterial wilt
    (Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2017) Umesh, C; Sreelatha, U
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    Performance of african marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) under different growing condition
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2016) Nimisha Augustine; Sobhana, A
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    Effect of time of planting on the growth and flowering of popular bedding plants
    (Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1990) Rose Mary Joice; Philipose Joshua
    A field experiment was conducted at the college of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1988-89 to study the effect of time of planting on the growth and flowering of popular bedding plants namely Marigold, Zinnia , Balsam, Phlox and Salvia. For reasons not absolutely known stand of adequate size could not be obtained for Salvia and Phlox and hence the two crops were not carried over through the remaining part of experiment. Time of planting had profound influence on characters like plant height, number of branches per plant, number of days to flower, number of flowers per plant, size of flowers, longevity of flowers and duration of flowering in Marigold, Zinnia and Balsam. In Marigold the number of days taken for 50 percent germination of seeds and the percentage of germination of seeds were not much influenced by sowing dates. Transplantation during the months of September, October and November is ideal for early flower initiation, maximum number of flowers and branches and less plant height. February and March planting gave longer duration of flowering with medium sized flowers and good flower longevity. In Zinnia the number of days taken for 50 percent germination of seeds were not much affected by sowing time. But the sowing time influenced the percentage germination of seeds. May sowing gave the highest percentage germination of seeds. Transplantation during the months of February, March, April and May is ideal for getting maximum number of large sized long lasting flowers with longer duration of flowering. However, it was noticed that incidence of leaf blight disease was more during these months, as compared to other months. September, October and November gave lesser plant height with more number of branches and earlier flowering. Sowing time did not influence the number of days taken for 50 percent germination of seeds in Balsam. However sowing time influenced the percentage germination of seeds. June sowing gave the highest germination percentage. Plant height was reduced by planting in September, October, November, December and January. Transplantation during the months of February, March, April and May is ideal for getting maximum number of large sized flowers with maximum number of branches. However, it was noticed that incidence of leaf spot disease was more during these months, as compared to other months. November, December, January and February transplanting are ideal for getting maximum duration of flowering.
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    Extraction, preservation and utilization of natural colour from marigold(Tagetus erecta L.)
    (Department of Processing Technology,College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2010) Sreevidhya, M K; Jacob John, P
    A study on extraction, preservation, and utilization of natural colour from marigold (Tagetus erecta L.) was conducted at the Department of Processing Technology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2007-2009. Method for extraction of natural colour from marigold was developed. Solvent extraction of cured marigold flower flour using acetone: hexane in the ratio 3:7 was found to be the best method. The extracted oleoresin was purified by saponifying with KOH and further ethanol wash to obtain pure crystalline lutein powder. The extracted colour was preserved as 1:2 lutein: soyabean oil solution packed in glass bottles and stored at room temperature. Lutein solution was found suitable for the application in the products like ice cream, yoghurt, oil etc. as these products contained high amount of fat where as found not suitable for aqueous products as this pigment is not water soluble. A concentration of 0.1 g gave the best colour in ice cream and yoghurt while 0.15g for oil. Natural coloured products were stable only for a short period compared to synthetic colour during storage also it degrade faster on exposure to light, heat compared to synthetic colours. The changes in natural colour was not due to the changes in pH of product but due to the external agents like light and heat. Sensory analysis of natural coloured as well as synthetic coloured ice cream and yoghurt revealed the superiority of natural colour in all the characters like colour, flavour, taste and consistency. During storage natural colour degraded faster than synthetic coloured products. Thus an enhanced stability of the colour with respect to light , heat etc. are to be developed to use these natural colour as a substitute for the synthetic colours.
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    Impact of seasons and pinching on growth and flowering in African marigold (Tagetes erecta L)
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture,Padannakkad, 2015) Sruthi Prakash, N; Anitha, P
    The study entitled “Impact of seasons and pinching on growth and flowering in African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)” was undertaken at the College of Agriculture, Padannakkad during 2013-2015. The experiment was conducted in three seasons namely, premonsoon (January 2014), monsoon (May 2014) and postmonsoon season (September 2014).The experiment consisted of two varieties (V1- Pusa Narangi Gainda, V2- Pusa Basanti Gainda) and two levels of pinching (P0- no pinching, P1- pinching at 30 days after transplanting). The interaction effect of variety x pinching on growth and yield was also studied. Pinching had significant influence on growth and flowering of two African marigold varieties. Growth parameters like plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, leaf area and total biomass varied with pinching during three seasons. In both the varieties maximum number of primary branches was observed in January sown crop with pinching. In both the varieties, May sown crop recorded maximum number of secondary branches with pinching. Leaf area and total biomass was found maximum in May sown crop for both the varieties with pinching. Early flowering was observed in September sown crop. Flower diameter, length of flower stalk and flower weight was not influenced by season and pinching. Maximum number of flowers and flower yield was observed in January sown crop in both the varieties with pinching. Among the varieties, Pusa Basanti Gainda can be recommended for cultivation during premonsoon season (Jan- April). In monsoon season, Pusa Narangi Gainda can be recommended for cultivation to meet the demand during Onam season.