PG Thesis

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    Divergence studies in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Pair)
    (Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1989) Suresh Babu, V; Gopalakrishnan, T R
    The present investigation on "Divergence studies in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschat a Poir ) was conducted at the College of Horticulture , Vellanikkara, Trissur during June 1988 - Marc h 1989. Seventy one pumpkin genotypes collected from different part of India and abroad were utilized for the study. The extent of variability and divergence among 50 selected genotypes were assessed and grouped into 5 clusters based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic . Cluster I, II, III, I V and V contained 2, 7, 9, 12 and 20 genotypes respectively y . Intercluster distance was maximum between clusters I and II and was minimum between clusters III and V . Cluster I showed maximum average intercluster distance with any other cluster. Screening 71 genotypes for resistance/ tolerance to pumpkin mosaic and yellow vein mosaic diseases revealed that all genotypes except C M 214 were susceptible. Artificial inoculation studies confirmed immunity of C M 214 (Nigerian I oca l ) to pumpkin mosaic virus and yellow vein mosaic virus .
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    Evaluation of hybrids of indeterminate tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under protected cultivation
    (Department of Olericulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Jaffin, J S; Celine, V A
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    Character association of seeds on plant morphology in snakegourd (trichosanthes anguina L.)
    (Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2000) Ashok, P; Rajan, S
    The research project 'Character association of seeds on plant morphology in snakegourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.)' was carried out in College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during the period 1999-2000. The study envisaged to find out the association of various seed characters on the vegetative characters of snakegourd, classification of accessions based on the seed index, growth index and yield index as obtained from principal component analysis and to formulate keys for varietal identification. The 25 accessions were catalogued based on the IBPGR descriptor list. Significant differences for various seed characters, growth characters and yield characters were noticed among the accessions. Correlation studies have shown that the number of seeds per fruit strongly associated with days to male flower opening and fruit maturity. Seed size index was strongly associated with leaf size. The highest seed index value for TAl 08, the highest growth index value for TA 118 and the highest yield index value for TA 114 were obtained as revealed from principal component analysis . . Twenty five accessions were grouped into different clusters based on the seedindex, growth index and yield index. Based upon the seed characters (seed size, seed coat colour and 100 seed weight), growth characters (leaf lobes, leaf pubescence and tendril length) and fruit characters (fruit skin colour, fruit girth, fruit length and fruit weight) keys were developed for varietal identification.
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    Selection for mosaic resistance in pumkin (cucurbita moschata poir)
    (Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1992) Latha, P; Gopalkrishnan, T R
    The investigation “Selection for mosaic resistance in pumpkin (Cucurbitamoschatapoir)” was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during November 1990 – April 1992. The high yielding and locally adapted variety Ambili was sown at bimonthly intervals to study the seasonal influence on mosaic incidence, vector population and yield. Incidence of yellow vein mosaic, pumpkin mosaic, bottle gourd mosaic, watermelon mosaic and cucumber mosaic were observed in crops sown during different months. Incidence of yellow vein mosaic and population of whiteflies (BemisiatabaciGenn.), the vector of yellow vein mosaic, were positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Fruit yield and contributing characters were significantly influenced by different dates of sowing and sowing in October was found to yield maximum because of the delayed incidence of mosaic. From the study of P1, P2, F1, F2 , BC1 and BC2 generations of the cross involving mosaic susceptible Ambili and resistant CM 214 (Nigerian Local), resistance to yellow vein mosaic was found to be governed by a single dominant gene and pumpkin mosaic by a single recessive gene. Silvery leaf trait was found to be dominant and governed by two genes. The study resulted in the identification of five promising selections from the segregating populations. Attempt was also made to improve the line CM 214 through selection. Improvement could be made in fruit set, seeds per fruit, hundred seed weight and seed germination. Germination percentage of CM 214 was significantly increased by removal of seed coat before sowing. Superior progenies of CM 214 were also selected for further improvement.
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    Standardisation of seed processing techniques in chilli (Capsicum annuumL.)
    (Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1998) Liji, P V; Meagle Joseph, P
    Studies on seed quality aspects of chilli var. Jwalasakhi and Ujwala were undertaken in the Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 1997-98 to fix the optimum fruit maturity stage and to standardise the best seed processing and storage methods for maintaining viability and getting maximum seed quality. Physiological maturity studies in variety Jwalasakhi indicated that fruits reached maximum size by 30 d.a.a. The fresh weight of fruits was maximum at 35 d.a.a. and it was on par with the fresh weight fruits at 30 and 40 d.a.a. So, vegetable harvest of this fruits can be extended from 30 to 40 d.a.a. In the case of variety Ujwala, both fruit length and fresh weight of fruits was maximum at 40 d.a.a. seeds of 45 days maturity recorded the highest 1000 seed weight in variety Jwalasakhi and it was at 40 d.a.a. in variety Ujwala. Seed germination studies revealed that seeds of 45 day maturity recorded the highest germination percentage. After six months storage seeds of 45 days maturity recorded the maximum germination percentage. In general, speed of germination, vigour index and seedling dry weight were maximum for seeds of 45-50 days maturity and it is the optimum stage for harvesting fruits for seed extraction. Seed quality was found to be influenced by different combinations of seed extraction and fruit drying methods. Sundrying of fruits avoiding the peak hours and hand extraction of seeds retained high viability and vigour of seeds during storage. Fruit drying in mechanical drier was deleterious to the seed quality. Both machine and hand extracted seeds of fruits-dried in mechanical drier recorded the lowest mean germination percentage, speed of germination, vigour and seedling dry weight. High value for electrical conductivity of seed leachate was recorded for the seeds from fruits dried using mechanical drier. The results of the seed storage studies indicated that seed germ inability of both varieties was greater in seeds stored in paper bags and this might be due to the escape of excess moisture released in seeds, during storage. Seed viability and storability are largely dependent on the storage conditions and the air conditioned storage of seeds recorded at the maximum germination percentage, speed of germination, seedling dry weight in both chilli varieties and it was lowest for the seeds stored under ambient conditions. From this study it can be concluded that physiological maturity of seeds in chilli var. Jwalasakhi and Ujwala is attained at 45-50 d.a.a. Hand extraction of seeds and sundrying of well ripe fruits avoiding the peak hours maintained germination and seedling vigour during storage. Air conditioned storage and paper containers were best for maintaining the seed quality upto six months.
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    Screening for resistance to aphis craccivora in vegetable cowpea and evaluation of early types
    (Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1984) Sulochana, K A; Peter, K V
    Cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L) walp is an important legume grown both in tropics and sub tropics. Eighty three cowpea lines were evaluated for field resistance to Aphis craccivora. All the lines except 10 TVU lines were infested by the aphid before 30 days after sowing. The lines TVU 1889, TVU 408, TVU 2896 and TVU 2962 were completely free from aphid infestation observed on leaves internodes and pods upto 60 days of sowing during the first crop season. The resistance reaction observed during second crop season and under controlled aphid infestation revealed that TVU 1889 was the most promising as far as aphid resistance is concerned. There are considerable variability in the cowpea for different characters and the lines K 1552 and TVU 1892 were the earliest to harvest (52 days). Among the weather parameters average number of rainy days and relative humidity had negative relationship with aphid population. Fifteen selected varieties of vegetable cowpea were grown in two seasons under two fertility levels. There were considerable variability in the vegetable types of cowpea for earliness which is important for the crop to be fitted in a multiple cropping system. The variety K 1552 was the earliest (52.13 days) followed by K 868 (52.43 days). The line IIHR 6-1-B is the most average stable variety with the highest mean (62.35 g) and bi value tending to one (0.96). The varieties K 1552, VS 89 and K 868 were high yielders but had bi value more than one and are suited for high yielding environments. The chemical analysis of pods for monosaccharides to polysaccharides ratio indicated that the yard long bean had the highest ratio followed by K 1552, IIHR 6-1-B and VS 87.
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    Effect of NPK and frequency of cuttings on yield and quality in Amaranthus tricolor L.
    (Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1997) Deepa Sukumar; Rajan, S
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    Performance analysis of clove bean ipomoea muricata (L) jacq. genotypes
    (Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2008) Malsawmkimi; Salikutty Joseph
    An experiment was carried out in the Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara during August 2007 - January 2008 to analyze the performance of different accessions of clove bean Ipomoea muricata (L.) Jacq. The major objectives of the study were to genetically catalogue the germplasm and to assess the genetic variability, divergence, heritability, genetic gain and correlation of different traits with yield. Twenty five accessions collected from different parts of Kerala were grown in randomized block design with three replications. Cataloguing of the germplasm evidenced significant differences for the characters like vine length, days to first flower production, days to first harvest, length and weight of pedicel, length of fruit, yield per plant, duration of the crop, number of harvests and contents of vitamin C, calcium and crude fibre. There was also much variability in the germplasm with regard to colour shades of vine, flower and fruit. The accession IM-14 was found to be the highest yielder (4.24kg/plant) coupled with maximum length (3.675cm), girth (4.49cm) and weight of pedicel (93.27g) and length (2.8cm), girth (6.61cm) and weight of fruits (3.27g). Maximum vine length was observed in IM-7 (414.48cm). The accession IM-15 was the second best yielder (4.13 kg/plant) with superior yield contributing characters. Among quality attributes, protein content was found to be highest in IM-21, phosphorus in IM-2 and crude fibre in IM-10 and IM-3. The iron content ranged from 0.13mg/100g to 0.19mg/100g, vitamin C ranged from 24mg/100g to 48 mg/100g and calcium content ranged from 230.67mg/100g to 209.79mg/100g. Highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were observed for weight of pedicel, yield per plant and crude fibre content. High heritability coupled with genetic gain was observed for yield per plant. The 25 accessions were grouped into six clusters and no parallelism between geographical distribution and genetic diversity was observed. Strong association was revealed between yield and length, girth and weight of pedicel and weight of fruit. Highest positive direct effect on yield was contributed by weight of individual fruits. A selection model was also formulated using characters like length, girth and weight of pedicel, length and girth of fruit, days to first flower production, vine length, protein, phosphorus, iron, ascorbic acid and crude fibre. Based on selection index accession IM-14 was identified as the best performer followed by the accessions IM-15, IM-12 and IM-11
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    Validation of farmers practice of organic manuring in OKRA (abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench)
    (Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2011) Ankitha Singh; Salikutty Joseph
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    Incorporation of jassid, amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) resistance in a bacterial wilt resistant background in brinjal.
    (Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2011) Seeshma, K S; Prasanna, K P
    Brinjal or egg plant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops of India for which the country occupies second position in production. In the country crop is grown in an area of 6.12 lakh hectares producing 105.63 lakh tonnes with an average productivity of 17.26 tonnes per hectare (NHB database, 2010). During summer, the cultivation of brinjal is limited in Kerala due to the severe incidence of sucking insects, especially jassids (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) which are causing severe yield reduction in brinjal. Malini (2005) screened 36 accessions of brinjal to identify the sources of resistance to jassid attack and she reported seven brinjal genotypes with jassid resistance. The proposed study was conducted to transfer this jassid resistance from four identified sources (SM 363, SM 364, SM 366, and SM 385) into the bacterial wilt resistant commercial varieties like Surya, Swetha and Haritha through hybridization. These seven parents were raised in the pots and the bacterial wilt resistant varieties were crossed directly with jassid resistant accessions to develop 12 F1hybrids. The resulting 12 F1 hybrids along with seven parents were raised in the field as well as in sterilized pots. The crop was raised in the field in randomized block design with two replications. The plot size was 5.4 m2 with 12 plants in each replication planted at a distance of 0.75 x 0.60 m. The performance of the accessions was studied and they were screened for jassid and bacterial wilt resistance. The experiments were conducted during kharif (2010) and summer (2011). The biometrical characters were recorded and genetic parameters of 19 brinjal accessions were estimated. The results showed that all accessions had significant difference for most of the characters studied among which Surya x SM 366 and Surya x SM 385 were found to have good yield characters. In the case of earliness, Surya x SM 366 and Haritha x SM 366 were found to be better hybrids. The heterotic study revealed that among the F1 hybrids, Surya x SM 366 and Haritha x SM 366 were having high and significant standard heterosis for earliness to flowering and fruiting from the standard variety Haritha. For yield characteristics, Surya x SM 366 was found to be best hybrid with maximum and significant heterosis from better parent, standard variety and mid parent. The estimates of combining ability analysis revealed that the male parent SM 366 was the best general combiner for most of the characters like plant height, days to first flowering, days to first harvest, number of economic harvests, yield per plant and yield per plot. In the case of specific combining ability, Swetha x SM 364 was found to be good specific combiner for yield characteristics. After the field screening and cage study for jassid resistance, two brinjal accessions viz. SM 363 and SM 366 were identified as highly resistant. Among the 12 F1 hybrids, Surya x SM 364, Surya x SM 385, Haritha x SM 364 and Haritha x SM 366 were moderately resistant. All other hybrids and the parents like Swetha and Haritha were grouped into susceptible category after the screening for jassid resistance. Screening for bacterial wilt resistance was also carried out to find out the hybrids with combined resistance to jassid and bacterial wilt. The accessions were categorized into either highly resistant or moderately resistant category after the field screening for bacterial wilt resistance. The F1 hybrids like Surya x SM 385 and Haritha x SM 366 were identified as better hybrids with combined resistance to jassids and bacterial wilt and with good yield characteristics. The study of leaf morphology of parents and F1 hybrids to unravel the mechanism of jassid resistance revealed that density of midrib hairs had a significant role in conferring resistance to jassids in brinjal whereas the leaf thickness and midrib thickness did not show any significant difference among resistant and susceptible accessions.