PG Thesis

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    Performance evaluation of high yielding soybean varieties for summer rice fallows
    (Department of agronomy, collegeof agriculture , Vellayani, 2023-12-01) Chinmaya Sahoo.; Ameena, M
    The study entitled ‘Performance evaluation of high yielding soybean varieties for summer rice fallows’ was conducted at College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2021-2023. The objective of the experiment was to assess the performance of high yielding soybean varieties under different land configurations in summer rice fallows. The field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm, Vellayani, during February to May 2023 in split plot design with three main plot treatments viz., broadbed and furrow (BBF) (l1), ridge and furrow (RAF) (l2) and flatbed method (l3); and six varieties viz., JS 9305 (v1), KDS 726 (v2), JS 2069 (v3), AISB 50 (v4), JS 335 (v5), Basara (v6) as sub plot treatments replicated four times. In BBF, raised beds were taken at a width of 120 cm with furrows of 15 cm width on both sides; in RAF, the ridges were made at a width of 30 cm with furrows in between and in the flatbed system, the land was levelled without any furrows on sides. Rhizobium inoculated seeds were dibbled at a spacing of 45 cm x 15 cm and the crop was managed as per the KAU Package of Practices. The results of the study revealed that the growth attributes were significantly influenced by land configuration methods and varieties. The BBF method and the variety JS 2069 produced taller plants throughout the growth stages. The highest leaf count was observed in BBF followed by RAF while KDS 726 and JS 2069 consistently produced higher leaf counts at all growth stages. Superior LAI was recorded by BBF up to 45 DAS. However, the values were comparable between l1(3.898, 3.579) and l2 (3.809, 3.434) at 60 DAS and at harvest respectively. The variety JS 2069 exhibited superior LAI (0.534, 1.810, 2.471, 4.284 respectively) at all the growth stages (15, 30, 45 DAS and at harvest) except at 60 DAS followed by KDS 726. The nodule count was higher for the variety AISB 50 (41.88) and was on par with JS 2069 (41.25), KDS 726 (40.52), and Basara (40), while JS 9305 had the lowest nodule count (35.78). Among the land configurations, BBF displayed the highest nodule fresh weight (0.850 g) while AISB 50 produced the highest nodule fresh weight (0.863 g) among the varieties tested. The varieties, AISB 50, JS 335, JS 9305, and Basara flowered early (37.73 to 40.65 days), while JS 2069 took the longest time (48.45 days), followed by KDS 726 (43.08 days). The BBF method yielded the highest pods per plant (53.36) and pod length (4.51 cm) followed by RAF (50.18 and 4.17 cm respectively). Among the varieties, JS 2069 produced the highest pod count (55.95 per plant) while JS 9305, KDS 726 and JS 2069 recorded higher pod length, pod weight and number of seeds per pod respectively. The variety JS 2069 recorded a higher pod yield per plant (31.71 g) and pod yield ha-1 (4932 kg) and was on par with KDS 726 (30.64 g, 4766 kg ha-1 ) and Basara (29.24 g, 4549 kg ha-1). AISB 50 had a lower pod count (42.95 per plant) and was on par with JS 9305 (44.98 per plant). The interaction between land configuration and varieties was found to be significant on pod weight where l3v5 recorded a higher pod weight (0.599 g). The BBF method produced the highest seed yield per plant (20.30 g) and seed yield ha-1 (2706 kg) with higher 100 seed weight (13.22 g), harvest index (HI) (0.404) and dry matter production per plant (DMP) (41.05 g). Among the varieties, JS 2069 recorded the highest seed yield per plant (24.61 g), seed yield ha-1 (3281 kg), HI (0.441) and DMP (48.94 g per plant). The haulm yield per plant and haulm yield ha-1 were found to be higher in KDS 726 (28.11 g, 4372 kg ha-1 respectively). Broad leaf weeds dominated the weed flora composition. The flatbed method had the highest weed density (19.12, 37.72, 40.72 m-2) and weed dry weight (17.74, 38.01, 53.16 g m-2) at all growth stages. Regarding quality parameters, the highest protein and oil contents were recorded for AISB 50 (41.97 %) and JS 9305 (20.10 %) respectively. The BBF method resulted in the highest N, P and K uptake (194.0, 10.55 and 123.41 kg ha-1 respectively), while the flatbed method had the lowest N, P and K uptake (150.33, 8.29, 93.04 kg ha-1 respectively). Among the varieties, JS 2069 recorded the highest N, P and K uptake (234.07, 13.43 and 156.40 kg ha-1 respectively). The BBF method resulted in a higher available N and K status while the highest available P (63.01 kg ha-1) was recorded in the flatbed method. Plants grown under the BBF method recorded a higher net income (₹82,913 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.70) and were on par with the RAF method (₹74,579 ha-1). Among the varieties, JS 2069 registered the highest net income (₹1,11,171 ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.35). The study identified BBF as the most effective land configuration method and JS 2069 as the most suitable variety for soybean cultivation in summer rice fallows of Kerala based on growth and yield parameters. Considering the economics, either BBF or RAF method could be adopted as a suitable land configuration method for soybean cultivation in summer rice fallows. The variety JS 2069 under BBF could be identified as the most effective combination for realizing higher productivity for soybean cultivation in the summer rice fallows.
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    Micronutrient management for okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench ] under diffrent irrigation methods
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2019) Arya, P; Anitha, S
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    Seed quality enhancement in okra and oriental pickling melon with film coat
    (Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2018) Reshma, P K; Dijee Bastian
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    Chilli-amaranth intercropping system under fertigation
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2018) Anitrosa Innazent; Anitha, S
    Intercropping is a way to augment production through intensifying cropping by combining different crops thereby utilisying the available resources more efficiently. The productivity of intercropping system can be enhanced by adopting suitable planting geometry and by proper nutrient and water management. Information on planting geometry and schedules of fertigation and drip irrigation can help in further increasing the productivity of the system. The present study was undertaken to assess the bio economic suitability of chilli- amaranth intercropping system under different nutrient and water regime. The experiment entitled “Chilli-Amaranth intercropping system under fertigation” was conducted at Water Management Research Unit, Vellanikkara during January to July 2017. The trial was laid out in randomized block design replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of chilli- amaranth intercropping system planted at two different planting geometries viz., normal row planting and paired row planting, three nutrient levels viz., 100, 75 and 50 per cent of NPK recommendation for both crops as fertigation and two irrigation levels viz., 100 per cent Epan and 75 per cent Epan and two control viz., chilli pure crop and amaranth pure crop. Performance of crops under intercropping and pure crop system revealed that the yield of intercropped chilli was 41 per cent lower than chilli pure crop. However for amaranth, the yield was 17 per cent higher under intercropping compared to pure crop. In addition to the fertigation of amaranth, amaranth receives nutrients from fertigation given to chilli crop. This resulted in the higher dry matter production and nutrient uptake of intercropped amaranth and finally higher yield. Paired row pattern was adopted to accommodate more intercrops. However planting geometry had no significant influence on the yield performance of intercropped chilli and amaranth. The nutrient levels showed no significant difference on the yield of intercropped chilli, whereas yield of intercropped amaranth was significantly influenced. Intercrop yield of amaranth at 100 per cent of nutrient dose (26,227 kg/ha) was significantly higher than intercrop yield of amaranth at 75 (21,824 kg/ha) and 50 per cent of nutrient dose (24,050 kg/ha) and pure crop yield (20,559 kg/ha). Intercropped chilli receiving irrigation at 100 per cent Epan recorded 37 per cent higher yield compared to lower level of irrigation. However, the performance of intercropped amaranth was not significantly influenced by the irrigation levels. The water productivity increase at 100 per cent Epan for intercropped chilli + amaranth was 170 per cent and 54 per cent higher compared to pure crop chilli and pure crop amaranth respectively. LER (Land Equivalent Ratio), LEC (Land Equivalent Coefficient), ATER (Area Time Equivalent Ratio), RCC (Relative Crowding Coefficient) and CEY (Crop Equivalent Yield) were worked out for assessing biological efficiency of intercropping system. LER more than 1.0, LEC more than 0.25 and higher values of ATER and CEY revealed the biological efficiency of chilli- amaranth intercropping system compared to pure crop system. Intercropping system under normal row planting produced significantly higher LER (2.84) compared to paired row planting. In addition, nutrient level of 100 per cent NPK recommendation showed higher LER (2.81) compared to lower doses. Irrigation at 100 per cent Epan recorded significantly higher value of LEC and ATER. Economic benefit of intercropping system was assessed using gross return, net return and B:C ratio. The net return of chilli-amaranth intercropping system (Rs.428212) was 116 per cent higher compared to pure crop chilli (Rs.197716) and 164 per cent higher to pure crop of amaranth (Rs.24548). The study indicated that there is an effective utilization of space, nutrients and water when amaranth was raised as intercrop with chilli. To get maximum biological and economic benefit from chilli- amaranth intercropping system, planting should be done at normal row with 100 per cent recommended dose of nutrients for both the crops and irrigation at 100 per cent Epan under fertigation during summer season.
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    Crop weather relationship of yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis(L.) walp)
    (Department of Agricultural Meteorology Vellanikkara, 2016) Aswini Haridasan; Ajithkumar, B