PG Thesis
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Item Institutional intervention by dairy co-operatives in Palakkad District(Department of Co-operative Management, College of Co-operation, Banking & Management,Vellanikkara, 2021) Maria Poulose, T; Veerakumaran, GKerala currently represents the twelfth largest dairy market in India. The share of livestock in Gross State Value Added (GSVA) from the agriculture sector in Kerala is above 27 percent. The livestock population in Kerala was 38.36 lakh in the year 2020 (Economic Review Report, 2020). Dairy co-operatives are functioning to support dairy farmers in the processing and selling of milk and milk products. The common need of milk producers is to obtain a fair price for their milk and this is fulfilled through collective marketing. Milk is considered to be one of the most sensitive products under agriculture and allied sector, requiring special and timely care and this can be provided through the collective operation of dairy co-operative societies. The present study was undertaken with the following objectives viz., to analyze the performance of selected dairy co-operatives, to evaluate the services rendered by the selected dairy co-operatives, to assess the extent of utilization of services by the member farmers, to assess the role of selected dairy co-operatives in the empowerment of member farmers, and to study the problems faced by the dairy farmers. The sample size consists of 256 (Active members-200, BOD-36, Employees 20) were selected from four dairy co-operative societies from Palakkad district namely, Moolathara Ksheerolpadaka Sahakarana Sangam Ltd. No. P 65 (D), Kunnamkattupathy Ksheerolpadaka Sahakarana Sangam Ltd. No. P 126 (D), Menonpara Ksheerolpadaka Sahakarana Sangam Ltd. No. P 281 (D) and Attappadi Ksheerolpadaka Sahakarana Sangam Ltd. No. P 558 (D). The performance of selected dairy co-operatives was analyzed through the variables namely farmer member participation, financial indicators, structural factors, managerial factors, legal, political factors, technological factors, functional factors, human resource factors, and co-operative governance. The percentages and index methods with graphical representations were used for the study. The membership was more in Moolathara DCS and less in Menonpara DCS. The milk procurement and milk supply were more in Moolathara DCS and less in Attappadi DCS. The local milk sale was more in Menonpara DCS and less in Moolathara DCS. The farmer participation levels in dairy co-operatives were higher among the respondents. The financial indicators, structural factors, managerial factors, legal, political factors, technological factors, functional factors, human resource factors, and co-operative governance also showed a positive result in the study. But, the absence of trained Artificial Insemination (AI) and Veterinary First Aid (VFA) workers was the major problem faced by the dairy farmers in the dairy co-operative societies. The services offered by the selected dairy co-operative societies were evaluated by using the index method and percentage methods. The offered schemes and services are grouped into production enhancement services, Flood and COVID-19 related services, and dairy farmer welfare board services. Out of these schemes, the level of utilization was more for production enhancement services compared to other schemes. The participated dairy farmers opined positively for the effectiveness of schemes and services by the dairy co-operatives. The empowerment of dairy farmers was analyzed by using the index method. The different types of empowerments studied were social empowerment, Economic empowerment, Psychological empowerment, and Political empowerment. The opinion towards all types of empowerments except political empowerment was higher. The political empowerment level was marked as low. It indicates less political empowerment through the dairy co-operatives. The problems related to milk production, procurement, the impact of flood and covid-19 in dairying, and constraints in availing services and schemes were examined by using the index method. The climatic variation has highly affected the quantity of milk production. The non-availability of labor and Lack of sufficient veterinary services is the major problem faced by dairy farmers. The flood of 2018, 2019 didn’t affect the dairy farmers. But COVID-19 lockdown affected milk transportation to DCS and it affected the quantity of milk procured by the dairy co-operative society. It finally leads to a decrease in profit from the sale of milk. The study can be concluded that the performance of the dairy co-operatives shows strong farmer member participation, financial, structural, managerial, legal, political, technological, functional, and human resource factors, and co-operative governance in the dairy sector. All the services rendered by the co-operative societies were utilized by the farmers based on their requirements. By providing the services by the dairy cooperatives, they assured the economic, social, psychological empowerment except for political empowerment. Still, the farmers were facing the problems in dairying like the absence of trained Artificial insemination and Veterinary First Aid worker to provide veterinary services, Climatic problems, and scarcity of labour. The recommendation of the study includes the appointment of trained Artificial insemination and Veterinary First Aid worker to provide veterinary services, the conduct of awareness program for the dairy farmers related to the health problems faced by the cattle, and also conduct of awareness classes for attracting youth towards dairy farming and create labour groups by the dairy co-operatives to solve the problem of scarcity of labours.Item Variability analysis in fodder horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum(Lam) verdc(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Christy George; Mareen AbrahamItem Productivity enhancement of rice based cropping system with fodder crops(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Bindya, B N; Jacob JohnItem Impact of heat stress on different toll like receptors gene expression in Malabari goats(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Vellanikkara, 2018) Vandana Gokul Das; Sejian, VResearch efforts are needed to quantify immune responses to environmental stresses in different indigenous goats and these efforts will be of practical relevance to identify an animal with better immune potential in the changing climate scenario. Hence, a study was conducted to establish the impact of heat stress on different toll-like-receptors (TLR) genes expression in lymph node of Malabari goats. The study was conducted with the primary objective of establishing the impact of heat stress on the expression pattern of different toll like-receptors (TLRs) in Malabari goats. The study was conducted for a period of 45 days using twelve Malabari goats. The goats were randomly allocated into two groups: MC (n=6; Malabari control) and MHS (n=6; Malabari heat stress). At the end of study, all 12 animals were slaughtered and their mesenteric lymph node (MLN) tissues were collected for gene expression. Heat stress significantly (P<0.05) down regulated TLR1, TLR4, and TLR6 and significantly increased (P<0.05) TLR2 expression pattern. A negative correlation (P<0.01) was also established between THI and different TLRs except TLR3, TLR7 and TLRIO. Further a strong positive correlation was obtained between THI and TLR2. The results from the study established that Malabari goat breed showed extreme resilience to cope with heat stress in terms of maintaining the innate immune response and this was evident from the non-significant influence of heat stress on the expression patterns of TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 and TLR10 genes. Further, the study also indicated that TLR1, TLR4 and TLR6 genes were sensitive to the heat stress effects and the significantly lower expression of these genes in MHS group as compared to MC group indicates the partly compromised immune status in this breed. In addition, the significantly higher expression of TLR2 in the beat stress group indicates the reliability of this gene in assessing the immune status of this breed during heat stress exposure.Item Value chain analysis of commercial goat rearing: a study of selected self-help groups in Alagappa Nagar panchayat of Thrissur(College of Co-operation Banking and Management, Vellanikkara, 2017) Roshan Raj, P R; Giggin, TIn Kerala goat rearing is considered to be an additional income and in rural areas goat rearing is on of the main activities of women, and it contributes to the women empowerment, in this study studied about the socio economic benefits, value chain of commercial goat rearing done by the efficient selected groups of SHGs in Alagappa nagar panchayat of thrissur district. These groups hay made goat rearing as a profitable venture, even they created wealth from waste. The mapping the value chain of goat rearing in with special reference to SHGs of Alagappa nagai panchayat. The survey conducted among the actors in the value chain using separate structured questionnaire, discussion with key informants in the study area, focus group discussion etc. formed the basis for value chain mapping. The core processes in the value chain of goat rearing could be identified was input provision, production, marketing and consumption. The goat rearing by SHG members of Alagappa nagar panchayath is a profitable venture because there is a shift of household income of the respondents. The household income of the SHG members has been increased after starting the goat rearing. From the study we identified that socio economic status of the SHG members has increased considerably, most of the respondents argued that after starting the goat rearing they are able to provide better education for their children and all of them started savings, their annual income has changed. SHG members are getting an adequate return on their investment. Small farmers sell an average of 8 goats per year and large farmers sell an average of 20 goats per year. Average goats sold by sample population is 14 goats per year Return of small farmers (60683-28470)= Rs.32213 Return of large farmers (152940-72375)=Rs.80565Item Heat shock protein 70 expression in different vital organs of heat stressed Malabari goats(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Vellanikkara, 2018) Afsal, A; Sejian, V