PG Thesis
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Item Identification of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) genotypes with yield and seed quality traits for Kerala(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 2023-01-24) Deepika, V.; Beena ThomasThe present study on “Identification of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) genotypes with yield and seed quality traits for Kerala” was carried out in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the year 2020-22. The experiment was aimed to identify black gram genotypes with yield and seed quality suitable for Kerala from the collection from different regions. The experimental material comprised of 30 different black gram genotypes collected from National Pulses Research Centre, Vamban, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai and Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar were assessed in a randomized block design, replicated thrice. The seeds were sown in the field at a spacing of 25 cm x 15cm and each genotype was considered as individual treatment. Very few pests and pathogen attack was observed in the field for which control measures were taken up. The thirty genotypes were evaluated for yield and quality characters and their mean values were recorded. Analysis of variance, estimation of genetic parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability and genetic advance, correlation analysis and path coefficient analysis were carried out. From variability analysis of 30 black gram genotypes for fifteen yield attributing characters such as emergence percentage, number of primary branches per plant, number of days for blooming, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of abnormal/unfilled pods per plant, pod length, seed yield per plant, haulm yield per plant, 100 seed weight, plant height and number of harvest revealed that significant variation existed among all the genotypes for all the characters studied except for number of harvest. The quality traits such as thousand seed weight, seed volume, bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, protein content, carbohydrate content and also pasting properties such as peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, setback viscosity, final viscosity and pasting temperature were analysed. All these quality traits showed good amount of variability Estimates of phenotypic variance and phenotype coefficient of variation were higher than their corresponding genotypic variance and genotype coefficient of variation values for all the traits studied indicating variable influence of environment in character expression. High PCV and GCV values were recorded for the characters haulm yield per plant and number of abnormal, unfilled pods per plant. Moderate PCV and GCV values were observed for the traits such as number of primary branches per plant, plant height, number of pods per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean observed for number of primary branches per plant, plant height, number of pods per plant, haulm yield per plant, number of abnormal/unfilled pods per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant. The traits emergence percentage, number of days for blooming, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and 100 seed weight showed high heritability with moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean. These characters can be subjected to direct selection for further improvement in black gram. Correlation coefficients among the characters were studied to determine the association between yield and yield components. Seed yield per plant showed significant positive correlation with number of seeds per pod, pod length, number of pods per plant, harvest index and haulm yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path analysis revealed that the harvest index, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, haulm yield per plant, 100 seed weight and number of seeds per pod showed the high positive direct effect on seed yield. Number of days for blooming and pod length exhibited negative direct effect on yield. Therefore, simultaneous selection for harvest index, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, haulm yield per plant, 100 seed weight and number of seeds per pod would be effective for improvement of seed yield in black gram. Among the genotypes studied, VBN 5, ADT 3, AKU 15, MDU 1 and Sumanjana were found to be high yielding varieties. In nutritional aspects, VBN 9 and AKU 15 were found to be high in protein content. In terms of pasting properties, Sumanjana was found to be superior. Therefore, considering both yield and quality aspects, VBN 5, Sumanjana and AKU 15 can be best suited for Kerala conditions. The best performing varieties identified can be used as parent for improving both yield and quality in further black gram breeding program or recommended for general cultivation.Item Genetic analysis of segregating generation of inter varietal crosses in greengram(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1999) Ebenezer Babu Rajan, R; Wilson, DThe research programme was carried out at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, VelIayani during rabi season 1998-99, with the objective of identifying superior progenies in the F2 generation for yielding ability and nitrogen fixation 'potential. Seven parents and F 2 progenies of their 21 crosses of greengram were evaluated, adopting a randemised block design with three replications. The data collected for thirteen quantitative characters were analysed statistically. The genetic parameters, correlation and path coefficients were studied and a selection index was formulated to identify superior genotypes. The treatments showed significant difference for all the characters. High genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for weight of nodules in the root at 50 per cent flowering, dry weight of plants at maturity, nitrogen content of plants at maturity and grain yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for weight of nodules in the root at 50 per cent flowering followed by dry weight of plants at maturity, grain yield, number of pods, number of cIuslters per plant, harvest index, hundred grain weight, number of secondary roots at maturity, plant height and shoot/root ratio indicating additive gene action and reliability of these characters during selection programme for crop improvement. High positive genotypic correlation for number of pods per plant followed by number of clusters per plant, harvest index, plant height, hundred grain weight and number of seeds per pod indicated selection based on one or more of the above components may result in the improvement of grain yield. The path coefficient analysis revealed high positive direct effects of number of pods on grain yield. In addition hundred grain weight and number of seeds. per pod also showed positive direct contribution to grain yield. A selection index was constructed based on grain yield per plant and eight yield contributing characters identified through correlation and path analysis. Based on the selection index one of the parental varieties CoGG-902 ranked first followed by Pusa-9333 x NDM-88-14, Pusa-9333, KM-1285 x CoGG-902 and IlPRM-3 x LG-444 were identified as superior for yielding ability and nitrogen fixing potential.Item Combining ability for biological nitrogen fixation traits and yield components in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1996) Beena Thomas; Sreekumar, S GThe research programme was carried out at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1995-96. The objective was to assess the general and specific combining abilities and gene action involved in the inheritance of biological nitrogen fixation traits and yield components in blackgram, as a preliminary step for developing high yielding varieties with good biological nitrogen fixation capacity. The five lines, three testers and their 15 combinations were evaluated in a replicated field experiment and data on twelve characters were collected and subjected to line x tester analysis. The best general combiners for important biological nitrogen fixation traits were COBG305 and Pant U19 among lines and T9 among testers. The hybrid combination Pant U19 x T9 was the best specific combiner for these characters. In the case of number of pods and grain yield per plant, among. lines WBG-13 and among testers T9 were the best general combiners. The hybrids, LBG 17 x VBN 1 and WBG 13 x AKU4 were the best specific combinations for these traits. Considering the mean performance, sea effect and standard heterosis percentage Pant U 19 x T9 was identified as the best hybrid combination for nodule weight and nitrogen content at 50 per cent flowering. Regarding yield, the best hybrid was WBG 13 x AKU4. These superior combinations can be utilized further for developing improved blackgram varieties.Item Combining ability for drought tolerance and yield in blackgram(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1997) Roy Isaac Varghese; Abdul Khader, K MA research programme consisting of five drought tolerant lines, three high yielding testers and their fifteen hybrids was carried out at the Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 1996-97, to evaluate the combining ability and gene action for drought tolerance, yield and related characters in blackgram. The lines and testers were selected based on previous performance and crossed and subjected to line x tester analysis and data recorded on both yield and drought related characters. Significant difference among the treatments was observed for all characters. Differences among parents were observed for all characters except number of branches per plant and number of pods per plant. Crosses were significantly different for all the characters. Therefore combining ability analysis was carried out for all characters. Specific combining ability variance was significant for all traits except number of branches per plant indicating the importance of non additive gene action. Both additive and non additive gene action were found to be involved for duration of the crop, number of pods per plant and grain yield per plant. However in all cases non additive gene action was predominant. Among lines, T 9 emerged as the best general combiner for various yield and drought related characters. The line, CoBG 302 was also found to be a better general combiner for various characters. Among testers, WBG 67 proved to be the best general combiner followed by VB 11. No specific cross combination was found to be significantly different for all the traits together. However the cross PDU 101 x WBG 67, CoBG 302 x CoBG 303 and T 9 x VB 11 were found to be the better specific combiner, when all the characters are considered. In short on the basis of combining ability estimated the lines T 9 and CoBG 302? the testers WBG 67 and VB 11 and the hybrids PDU 101 x WBG67, CoBG 302 x CoBG 303 and T 9 x VB 11 were suggested for further utilization for improvement.