1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Influence of irrigation on germination, growth and yield of sesamum(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1985) Thomas Mathew; Mohamed Kunju, UA field study was undertaken at the Rice Research Station, Kayamkulam, during the third crop season of 1983-84 to find out the influence of irrigation on germination, growth and yield of sesamum, with eleven main plot treatments as time of sowing and three sub plot treatments as frequency of irrigation. There were 33 different treatment combinations. The study revealed that the optimum soil moisture for maximum germination of sesamum seed is 12.72 per cent. Moisture contents above or below this adversely affect the germination percentage. Optimum soil moisture for germination could be achieved by irrigating the plots to field capacity and sowing one day after the irrigation. Pry matter production, number of seeds per capsule, distribution of dry matter in capsule, seed yield, oil content, oil yield and shelling percentage were highest in the treatment where sowing was done one day after the initial irrigation. Maximum uptake of N, P and K was also observed in this treatment. One irrigation at the vegetative phase or two irrigations one at the vegetative and the other at the reproductive stages have favourably influenced the growth characters like plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and nodes, leaf area, dry matter production, . number of capsules per plant, capsule weight per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seed weight per plant and seed yield per ha. The oil content, oil yield and the uptake of N, P and K were also maximum in the above Irrigation treatments. The study revealed that irrigating the plot to field capacity and sowing the seeds one day after irrigation has resulted in obtaining maximum germination and optimum plant density. Similarly irrigation during the growth phases have also increased the seed yield. Maximum seed yield of 859 kg/ha. was produced by sowing the seeds one day after Initial irrigation followed by giving one irrigation each during the vegetative and reproductive phases.Item Irrigation and integrated nutrient management for sustainable sugarcane production(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2001) Thomas Mathew; Kuruvilla VarugheseTwo field experiments were conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Thiruvalla in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state to standardise the surface methods of irrigation with and without trash mulching and to study the potential of integrated nutrient management in sugarcane for sustainable cane production. The study was carried out for a period of two years in plant crops during 1998-1999 and 1999-2000. The influence on growth, yield attributes, yield, quality, nutrient uptake and physico-chemical properties and biological properties of the soil were investigated. . In Experiment No. I viz., 'Standardisation of irrigation management in sugarcane' the methods of irrigation with and without trash mulching was investigated. The treatment comprised of 4 methods of irrigation viz., all furrow, alternate furrow, skip furrow and irrigation once in a month (farmer's practice) under mulched and unmulched situations. The results revealed that all furrow irrigation in combination with trash mulching had positively influenced all the growth-characters, yield attributes, nutrient uptake and appreciably increased the cane, sugar and jaggery yield. It was comparable with alternate furrow irrigation with trash mulching. While cane growth and sugar production was reduced in skip furrow irrigation with or without trash mulching. Trash mulching also improved physical conditions, fertility status, microbial population and enzymatic reactions in the soil. It had also shown better retention and conservation of soil moisture and reduced the soil temperature as compared to unmulched treatments. Since the combination of trash mulching with all furrow and alternate furrow irrigation had recorded comparable values for cane I ~ yield, B : C ratio; it could be possible to economise the use of irrigation water by . following alternate furrow irrigation with trash mulching during the formative phase of sugarcane. It was revealed that a water economy to the tune of 41 per cent was possible in alternate furrow irrigation with trash mulching as compared to all furrow with trash mulching. By mulching alone an increase of 10 per cent in cane yield was observed in alternate furrow irrigation. While in all furrow, skip furrow or irrigation once in a month the beneficial effect of mulching was not visible to such an extent as in the case of alternate furrow irrigation. Alternate furrow irrigation under trash mulching had recorded the highest WUE, energy use efficiency and energy productivity which again suggest the effective and efficient utilisation of resources with better conservation. In Experiment No. II viz., 'Integrated nutrient management in sugarcane', studies with the integrated use of organic sources like press mud, _ trash, green manuring with cowpea, Acetobacter and Azospirillum inoculation with mineral nutrition at 50, 75 and 100 per cent dose of NPK and mineral nutrition alone were carried out. The results revealed that integrated use of press mud at 5 t ha:' with mineral nutrition at 100 per cent of the recommended dose of NPK had explicitly increased the growth characters, yield attributes and uptake of nutrients producing the highest cane, sugar and jaggery yield. However, it was comparable with the conjunctive use of press mud at 5 t ha" with 75 per cent of the recommended dose of NPK. Soil inoculation of Azospirillum at 10 kg ha-! with mineral nutrition at 100 per cent or 75 per cent had also produced significant impact on growth, yield attributes, yield and quality of cane. It also increased the B:C ratio as compared to the integrated use of mineral nutrition with green manuring, Acetobacter inoculation or trash application. Application of NPK at 50 per cent of the recommended dose along with Azospirillum inoculation had shown higher B:C ratio as compared to the integration of other organics with 50 per cent of the recommended dose of NPK. Mineral nutrition without organics even at full dose had produced lesser cane sugar and jaggery yield as compared to the integrated use of press mud, Azospirillum, green manuring or Acetobacter along with mineral nutrition at 50 per cent of the recommended dose of NPK. The conjunctive use of press mud either with 100 or 75 per cent of the recommended dose of NPK had shown comparable values for B:C ratio, energy use efficiency and energy productivity besides improving physico- chemical properties and biological properties of soil. Hence, it is possible to save 25 per cent of the recommended dose of NPK by applying press mud at 5 t ha:'. It can be concluded from the study that alternate furrow irrigation under trash mulching had resulted in substantial savings in irrigation water during the formative phase without any reduction in yield or quality. While in integrated nutrient management, it was concluded that press mud application at 5 t ha' along with mineral nutrition at 75 per cent of the recommended dose of NPK had increased the cane yield with a saving of 25 per cent of the recommended dose of NPK. Mineral nutrition alone even at its full dose recorded comparatively lesser cane yield and B:C ratio than all other combinations with organics.Item Influence of Irrigation on germination, growth and yield of sesamum(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1985) Thomas Mathew; Mohamed Kunju, UA field study was undertaken at the Rice Research Station, Kayamkulam, during the third crop season of 1983-84 to find out the influence of irrigation on germination, growth and yield of sesamum, with eleven main plot treatments as time of sowing and three sub plot treatments as frequency of irrigation. There were 33 different treatment combinations The study revealed that the optimum soil moisture for maximum germination of sesamum seed is 12.72 per cent. Moisture contents above or below this adversely affect the germination percentage. Optimum soil moisture for germination could be achieved by irrigating the plots to field capacity and sowing one day after the irrigation. Dry matter production, number of seeds per capsule, distribution of dry matter in capsule, seed yield, oil content, oil yield and shelling percentage were highest in the treatment where sowing was done one day after the initial irrigation. Maximum uptake of N, P and K was also observed in this treatment. One irrigation at the vegetative phase or two irrigations one at the vegetative and the other at the reproductive stages have favourably influenced the growth characters like plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and nodes, leaf area, dry matter production, number of capsules per plant, capsule weight per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seed weight per plant and seed yield per ha. The oil content, oil yield and the uptake of N, P and K were also maximum in the above Irrigation treatments. The study revealed that irrigating the plot to field capacity and sowing the seeds one day after irrigation has resulted in obtaining maximum germination and optimum plant density. Similarly irrigation during the growth phases have also increased the seed yield. Maximum seed yield of 859 kg/ha. was produced by sowing the seeds one day after Initial irrigation followed by giving one irrigation each during the vegetative and reproductive phases.Item Studies on the F3 generation of intervarietal crosses in rice(Division of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1976) Thomas Mathew; Abraham, A TThe present study was conducted in the Division of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period from March to June 1974. Nine characters in the F3 generation of the intervarietal crosses of rice was studied. The crosses involves three local varieties, Navara, Ptb-28 and Ptb-29 and the two high yielding varieties , Anapurna and Triveni. Correlation of the yield with four characters was also studied. The characters, viz. flowering duration, plant height, total number of tillers, panicle length, grain yield, 1000 grain weight, ear weight and apikelet sterility are inherited quantitatively and are controlled by more than one gene. Spikelet sterility is more in the Anapurna X Navara crossItem Evaluation of super mother palms of coconut by seedling progeny analysis(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1983) Thomas Mathew; Gopimony, RSeedling progeny analysis was conducted in super mother palms of coconut (annual yield not less than 3Q0 nuts) in comparison with control mother palms (average mother palms with annual yield not less than 60 nuts). The aim was to evaluate these super palms for their prepotent ability to produce quality seedlings. The super mother palms were selected from different locations in Trivandrum and Quilon districts, and from the same locations, control mother palms were also selected. A seed lo t froi north Kerala (Badagara) collected by the State Department of Agriculture was also included. Observations were recorded on mother palms, samples on seed nuts collected from these palms, and on seedlings raised in a replicated field trial. Critical analysis of the compiled data showed super mother palms to be significantly superior to control palms In number of bunches and nuts per bunch. But the two types of mother palms failed to show significant differences in nut., and seedling characters. Among super palms, T4 showed superiority over rest of palms in mother palm, seed nut, and seedling characters. This super palm also registered the highest recovery of quality seedlings indicating its superior prepotent ability. Estimates on recovery of quality seedlings from total number of seed nuts was found to be more reliable than the recovery from total number of seedlings, as a measure of prepotency. Selection of super mother palms as prepotent trees, on the basis of nut yield alone was found to be non-viable Instead, a balance between nut size and number of nuts per bunch is sought. Significant correlations between seedling vigour index and seed nut characters (weight of unhusked nut, husked nut, and meat) led to elucidation of the linear relationships between vigour Index and seed nut characters for use as ready reckoners for improving mother palm selection programme. Significant correlations between seedling vigour index and seed nut characters (weight of unhusked nut, husked nut, and meat) led to elucidation of the linear relationships between vigour Index and seed nut characters for use as ready reckoners for improving mother palm selection programme. Studies on genetic parameters showed that a high amount of genetic factor is Involved in the expression of seed nut characters (weight of unhusked nut, husked nut, and meat) and seedling characters (germination percentage, height, girth-at-collar, number of leaves, leaf area, and age at leaf splitting) as evidenced by high GCV, heritability, coheritability and genotypic correlation values. The results obtained in this seedling progeny analysis will get absolute confirmation only on completion of an adult Progeny analysisItem Effect of oils on stored cowpea and the incidence of pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis)(College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1982) Thomas Mathew; Mohandas