1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Effect of pre and post -harvest treatments on storage and quality of banana cv. Nendran(Department of Horticulture (Pomology & Floriculture and Landscaping), College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1981) Aravindakshan, K; Sivaraman Nair, P CThe present investigations were carried out in the College of Horticulture, during the year 1978-1980. The objectives were to study (i) the growth and development of banana fingers cv. Nendran and to fix optimum tine for harvest (ii) the effect of pre-harvest sprays of growth regulators on post harvest quality of the fruits (iii) the effect of different storage methods on prolonging the shelf life and (iv) to assess the efficacy of different fungicidal treatments on controlling anthraonose disease of ripened fruits. Fruit growth in rainfed ‘Nendran’ was found to be a continueous process till it reaches maximum maturity at 90 days after shooting. The length, girth, volume and weight of fingers continued to increase rapidly during early stages of growth, accounting for 90 per cent of growth by 60 days after shooting. The accumulation of dry matter and the starch took place at increasing rates during the first two month of fruit growth resulting an increase in specific gravity from 0.36 at shooting to more than one after 70 days of shooting and pulp to peel ratio from 0.32 to 1.50 on 70th day. The study showed that rainfed ‘Nandran’ can be harvested from 70 days after shooting without impairing the quality but with light reduction in quantity. The growth regulators if applied as pre-harvest sprays on 60th day after shooting increases size, weight and quality of the fruits; the maximum Increase in size and weight was resulted by the application of 2, 4-D at 10 ppm. The quality was improved by way of increased TSS, total and reducing sugars by treatments of ethrel 400 ppm, NAA 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 2, 4-D at 4 ppm and 10 ppm. Improvement in quality followed by growth regulator application was more evident in ease of 70th day harvest than the harvest at full maturity. The comparative study of different storage methods have revealed that, the polythene bag with potassium permanganate increases the storage life by 10 days, polythene bag alone by 6 days as compared to smoke treatment and open storage. Eventhough the fruits in polythene bag with and without KMnO4 showed a reduction on TSS, total and reducing sugar content, the appearanoe of the fruits were much better than that of smoked fruits and open stored fruites and the eating quality were also good. The study on the Incidence of anthracnoae disease In the storage showed that all the fungicides used at both concentration viz. anthracol at 0.05% and 0.1 % Bavistin 500 ppm and 1000 ppm; Thiride 0.1% and 0.2%| were equally effective In reducing the black spot development on ripened fruits. Though few spots were present In spite of the treatments, the quality and colour were not effected. Among the storage conditions. Polythene bag + KMnO4 showed least lncidence of the spots while It was maximum In case of smoke treatment.Item Biochemical and histopathological alterations due to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and varietal reactions(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2015) Darsana V S Lal; Narayana, RAn experiment entitled “Biochemical and histopathological alterations due to root- knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and varietal reactions” was undertaken at Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 2013-14. A progressive increase in phenol content, defense enzymes viz. Peroxidase (PO), Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) from both leaf and root after 45 days of nematode inoculation were observed with increase in inoculum levels. The chlorophyll a and b, NPK content and micronutrients viz. Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were decreased with increase in nematode population. The plants inoculated with 10,000 J2 showed low pH (5.69) compared to the uninoculated plant and was significantly different from all other treatments. The starch, protein and total sugar content decreased 41.44, 41.89 and 44.95 per cent respectively in plants inoculated with 10,000 J2 compared to uninoculated plants. A progressive decrease in plant growth and yield parameters were observed with increase in population levels of nematode. The maximum reduction in plant height, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of root and dry weight of shoot and the yield parameters like thousand seed weight and number of seeds per panicle were observed in plants inoculated with 10,000 J2. Histochemical studies revealed that an accumulation of polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acid in epidermal, cortical and stelar region of root progressively increased with increase in population density of nematode. Giant cells were formed near the xylem and phloem cells. The xylem and phloem vessels were disorganized. In studying the varietal reaction of ten popular rice varieties of Kerala against M. graminicola, all the varieties were suceptible to the nematode. Minimum number of galls (51.8) and egg mass (64.60) per plant was observed in the variety Uma and was on par with Pavizham. On the basis of egg mass index, all other varieties were highly susceptible except Uma. The PO and PPO activity of Uma, Karthika, Pavizham and Bhadra were higher than that of TN1 (Suceptible check). In Uma, the nematode population in soil and root was minimum and on par with Karthika and the reproduction rate also minimum in Uma. Based on the results of the study, M. graminicola can be considered as a potential threat to the cultivation of rice. Uma showed better performance against root knot nematode than all other varieties.Item Enrichment packaging and storage of fruit bars from aonla (Emblica officinalis G)(Department of Processing Technology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2014) Deepika; Saji Gomez