1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)

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    Standardisation of in vitro propagation technique in banana
    (Department of Pomology & Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1991) Jyothi Bhaskar; Aravindhakshan, M
    Investigations were carried out at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of the College- of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 1988-90 to standardise the in vitro propagation technique in banana. Three banana cultivars namely Nendran (AAB) , Palayankodan (AAB) and Red banana (AAA) were utilised for the study. For standardising the explant, three types of explants were used namely shoot tip , eye bud and floral apex. For culture establishment, axillary shoot initiation and in vitro rooting studies different types of growth regulators were made use of. They were auxins (NAA, IAA and IBA) , gibberellin (GA) and cytokinins (BA andkinetin) . The plantlets produced _in vitro were subjected to different types of hardening treatments to secure a better establishment of planted out plants For shoot tip and eye bud explants, surface sterilization using mercuric chloride (0.2 per cent) for 5 min. was' found to be the best, but for floral apex ex plant an initial rinsing of the explants with 95 per cent absolute alcohol for 30s followed by mercuric chloride treatment (0.05 per cent) for 10 min. was found to be best. Better and speedier ex plant establishment and growth of shoot tip, eye bud and floral apex explant was observed in MS (semi-solid) medium containing NAA 0.5 ppm and BA 3.0 ppm Gibberellic acid was found to have unfavourable effect on culture establishment and growth. Shoot tips collected during November to April recorded maximum surviva l percentage. Among the physical injury treatments for enhancing the release of axillary buds in culture splitting the apical dome of shoot tip longitudinally into two halves and culturing each half separately was found to be the best. The addition of ascorbic acid into the media at the rate of 50 mg/1 reduced media and ex plant discolouration due to polyphenol oxidation. When the performance of the three explants w.ere compared', floral apex ex plants took more time for culture establishment. The three banana cultivars used for the study responded differently in culture.
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    In vitro propagation of bijasal (Pterocarpus marsupium Rxob.) through tissue culture
    (College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, 1993) Santhosh Kumar, A V; Vijayakumar, A V
    The present investigation was carried out at the College of Forestry, Vellanikkara during 1991 – 93 with an objective of making a protocol for micropropagation of bijasal (Pterocarpus marsupium). Axillary buds obtained from mature trees were used as the explants. During the study it was found that nodal segments of size about 1 cm was ideal as the explants. Prophylactic spraying of mother trees with mixture of Bavistin and Indofil m-45 coupled with surface sterilization of explants with 0.1 per cent mercuric chloride for 10 minutes could control culture contamination to the greatest extent. However, systemic bacterial infection in explants could not be controlled. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was noted to be suitable for primary culture establishment. Woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 2.0 ppm kinetin and 0.1 ppm IAA was the best for inducing multiple shoots from primary explants. The various growth regulator combinations however, failed to induce leaf morphogenesis in shoots. Among the various media additives tested, CCC had a beneficial role in leaf production in culture. Case in hydrolysate, adenine sulphate, coconut water, silver nitrate, cobalt chloride and activated charcoal were the other additives tried without having any significant beneficial effect on culture of bijasal. Sucrose at two per cent or three per cent sucrose with one per cent maltose were noted to be ideal carbon sources in culture. Semi – solid medium having 0.8 per cent agar was found to be best for culturing the nodal segments. The culture did not show any difference in growth in a range of pH from 5 to 6. An illumination of 2000 Lux light was most ideal for incubating the cultures. All attempts to establish continuous cultures failed due to the sudden loss of morphogenetic potential of cells on culture.