1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)

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    Growth, flowering, fruitset and fruit development in Lovi-Lovi
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1998) Arumuga Prasad, S; Lila Mathew
    Studies were carried out at College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during 1995 to 1996 to know about the growth habit, flowering pattern, floral biology, fruit set and development and storage life of sour (Flacourtia inermis Roxb.) and sweet (F cataphracta Roxb.) lovi-lovi types. There were two main seasons of shoot growth both for sweet as well as sour lovi-lovi trees. One season is from May to June and the other during August-September.
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    Varietal evaluation and compatibility studies in sapota (Manilkara achras (Mill). fosberg
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Rajasekar, P; Laila Mathew, K
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    Regulation of fruit size and maturity in pineapple
    (Department of Pomology & Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1981) Baby Latha, A K; Aravindakshan, M
    In spite of spectacular achievement obtained In controlling flowering In pineapple by the application of ethrel In recent times, uniformity In fruit size In large pineapple plantings, even under uniform cultural and manurlal schedules, is seldom achieved in Kerala. Both 1n plant crop and especially in rations, a considerable percentage of fruits fall below standard. Regulation of fruit size and maturity will help to Increase the fruit size as well as to extend the period of harvest. The present Investigations were carried out In the Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanlkkara from 1988 to 1980 to study the effect of different concentrations of NAA (0, SO, 100, 200 and 300 ppm) at different stages of application (at Inflorescence emergence, one month after Inflorescence emergence, two months after Inflorescence emergence, three months after 1nfIorescenee emergence and four months after Inflorescence emergence) on the size, maturity and quality of fruits and also to assess the best time of application of NAA, on pineapple variety. ‘Kew’. Uniform flowering was Induced by giving a combination treatment of 25 ppm ethrel, 2 per cent urea and 0.04 per cent CaCO3. Considering the quality parameters like T.S.S., acidity and total sugars, the period between 132 and 135 days after Inflorescence emergence appeared to be the best time of harvest of pineapple fruits. Application of NAA was found to Increase the fruit size the maximum being effected by 300 ppm NAA applied one month after Inflorescence emergence.200 ppm NAA applied at the same stage and 300 ppm applied at Inflorescence emergence and two months after Inflorescence emergence had a similar effect. Maximum delay in fruit maturity was observed by the application of 300 ppm NAA followed by 200 ppm NAA. There was significant Increase In fruit size 1n different leaf groups when 300 ppm NAA was applied one month after Inflorescence emergence. The reduction in fruit size associated with lower leaf number could thus be improved by the application of NAA.
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    Floral biology and fruit development in varikka and koozha of jack (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.)
    (Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1983) Tessy Joseph; Kumaran, K
    The present investigations were carried out in the Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during the year 1981-82. The object was to study the pattern of flowering, floral biology, fruit set, fruit drop and fruit development in jack types ‘Varikka’ and ‘Koozha’. The studies were conducted on 14 trees, eight belonging to ‘Varikka’ and six belonging to ‘Koozha’, which were about 50 years old, and maintained under uniform management conditions, located at the Instructional Farm and Research Station, Mannuthy. There was difference in pattern of male and female spike production. The male spike production commenced from October and extended for a period of five months, while female spike production was confined to only three months, starting from late November. The peak time of male and female spike production was in December-January. The inflorescence in jack is a catkin. The process of development of spike took on an average 33.7 days in male and 59.7 days in female. The individual flowers were radially arranged on a fleshy peduncle. The perianth tubes of male flowers were free from each other while that of female were fused in the middle. In a male spike anthesis continued upto 5 to 7 days, on a particular day, anthesis started at 6 am and reached a peak between 12 noon and 4 pm and continued upto 6 pm. The emergence of stigma on a female spike was highly eratic and continued for about three weeks. The peak time for anther dehiscence was between 6 pm and 7 pm, on the day of its emergence. In a female spike complete fading away of stigma occurred in 21 to 30 days after anthesis started. The percentage pollen fertility ranged from 89 to 93 per cent, and mean pollen diameter ranged from 16 to 22 u. 10 per cent sucrose-1 per cent agar media was found to be the best media for pollen germination. The viability of pollen was lost completely within 24 hours after dehiscence. The chief agent of pollination was found to be wind. Fruit set under natural conditions was 83.33 per cent. Hand pollination gave decreased set. Apomictic fruit development was absent in Jack. The percentage fruit drop ranged from 30 to 40 per cent. The whole spike after anthesis developed into a large composite fruit which was a ‘false fruit’, with the persistent perianth forming the bulk of the fruit. Among the flowers on a spike few showed normal development rest got aborted. The time required for full development of fruit ranged from 100 to 138 days, the growth showed a sigmoid pattern. The two types ‘Varikka’ and ‘Koozha’ did not vary significantly for most of the flower and fruit characters except for the texture of flakes; ‘Varikka’ had hard flakes while ‘Koozha’ had softy mushy flakes.
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    Morphochemical evaluation of jamun (Syzygium cuminii Skeels) collections
    (Department Of Pomology And Floriculture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2016) Deepika, V; Ajith Kumar, K
    Jamun possesses commercial importance as a minor fruit in tropical and subtropical conditions. It is a versatile fruit tree of best food and medicinal value. India ranks second in production of jamun in the world. It is an important under-exploited indigenous fruit tree of India. As majority of jamun trees are of seedling origin, they show tremendous variation in their morphology and physicochemical attributes. Assessment of the existing variability is a prerequisite for taking up successful crop improvement. The study on “Morphochemical evaluation of jamun (Syzygium cuminii Skeels) collections” was carried from August 2014 to December 2015 at the KAU main campus, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the morphochemical characters of jamun collections maintained in and around the KAU main campus for identifying the superior types. Fifty nine collections of jamun were maintained in the departmental orchard, in and around the KAU main campus were used for the study. All the collections were studied for morphological, physico-chemical and organoleptic properties. All the collections showed variability in tree characters, inflorescence characters, fruit characters, quality attributes and pest and disease incidence. At the similarity coefficient status of 6 per cent, grouping of collections were done which resulted in 12 non-overlapping clusters. Tree characters viz., age of the tree (20 to 35 years), tree height (12 m to 20 m), trunk girth (0.95 m to 4.1 m), crown shape (pyramidal, broadly pyramidal, spherical, semi-circular and irregular), Leaf length (9.1 cm to 17.5 cm), leaf width (2.3 cm to 6.5 cm), leaf shape (broadly ovate and lanceolate), shoot length (7 cm to 26 cm) and internodal length (7.7 cm to 12.2 cm) were observed. Only 17 trees were flowered during the period of study. Variation in flower characters such as position of inflorescence (axillary), flower composition in the inflorescence (solitary and cluster), flower colour (white), flowering season (December and January), duration of flowering (26 days to 42 days) were recorded. At the similarity coefficient status of 40 per cent, grouping of collections were done based on fruit characters, which resulted in 5 non-overlapping clusters. Variation was observed with respect to fruiting season (March-April and April-May), days from flowering to fruit maturity (62 days to 68 days), fruit set to maturity (58 days to 64 days), fruit clustering habit (solitary and cluster), fruit weight (5.91 g to 12.28 g), fruit volume (5.32 cc to 11.40 cc), number of fruits per cluster (3 to 12), specific gravity (0.91 to 1.23), fruit length (1.61 cm to 3.10 cm), fruit width (1.24 cm to 2.41 cm), fruit shape (oblong), fruit colour (blackish purple), firmness/softness (4.09 kg cm-2 to 9.94 kg cm-2), juice content (14 per cent to 44 per cent), pulp content (77.50 per cent to 90.39 per cent), seed weight (9.60 per cent to 22.49 per cent), pulp/seed ratio (3.24 to 9.41) and yield tree-1 (10 kg plant-1 to 54 kg plant-1). At the similarity coefficient status of 7 per cent, grouping of accessions was done based on quality attributes, which resulted in 12 non-overlapping clusters. The percentage of moisture (65 per cent to 82.50 per cent), acidity (0.18 per cent to 0.58 per cent), TSS (9.20⁰ Brix to 15.50⁰ Brix), anthocyanin (44.64 mg 100 g-1 to 63.35 mg 100 g-1), pH (1.80 to 3.17), reducing sugar (5.89 per cent to 20.16 per cent) and total sugar (12.82 per cent to 22.95 per cent) were estimated. Sensory evaluation viz., colour, sweetness, taste, appearance and texture were recorded based on 9 point hedonic scale. From the sensory evaluation KJ- 45 was found to be promising types with respect to appearance, colour and sweetness. With respect to taste and texture KJ- 39 and 47 were found promising when compared with all collections. Minor incidence of pest (gall midge) and disease (leaf spot and sooty mould) were observed during the study. Among the collection, KJ- 45 has higher yield (54 kg plant-1), TSS (15.6o Brix), fruits per cluster (12), fruit weight (12.28 g), pulp/seed ratio (9.41) and anthocyanin content (64.35 mg 100 g-1). Hence, KJ- 45 is considered as superior tree followed by KJ- 48, KJ- 47 and KJ- 7.