1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Calcium, magnesium and boron nutrition for grow bag cultivation of cabbage (brassica oleracea L. var. capitata)(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Parvathy, P J; Gladis, RItem Integrated nutrient approach on productivity enhancement of rice in oxyaquic fluent soils of Northern Kerala(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Padannakkad,Kasaragod, 2018) Chanchala, A; Bridgit, T KThe experiment entitled “Integrated nutrient approach on productivity enhancement of rice in oxyaquic fluent soils of Northern Kerala” was conducted to study the effect of organic manures along with micronutrient mixtures on growth, yield, pest and disease incidence, nutrient uptake and economics of wetland rice in farmer’s field during virippu season 2017. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were T1 - Farmer’s practice (FYM 5 t ha -1 + 18:18:18), T2 - Fertilizer recommendation on the STCR basis (75.6: 57.6: 37.35 kg ha -1 NPK), T3 - POP Recommendation of KAU (90:45:45 kg ha-1 NPK ), T4 - FYM (5t ha-1) + Neem cake (400 kg ha-1) + Groundnut cake (400 kg ha -1), T5 - T3 + Ayar (500 kg ha-1 as basal dose), T6 - T3 + Sampoorna (5g l-1 at 1-2 days before transplanting and 10 g l-1 at 50 DAT as foliar spray respectively), T7 - T4 + Ayar (500 kg ha-1 as basal dose), T8 - T4 + Sampoorna (5g l-1 at 1-2 days before transplanting and 10 g l-1 and at 50 DAT as foliar spray respectively), T9 - T5 + Si (100 kg ha-1 as calcium silicate), T10 - T6 + Si (100 kg ha-1 as calcium silicate), T11 - T7 + Si (100 kg ha-1 as calcium silicate) and T12 - T8 + Si (100 kg ha-1 as calcium silicate). The available N, P and K status of the experimental field ranged from low to medium and the secondary and micronutrients were in the sufficiency level. All the treatments were applied as per the technical programme. The results of the experiment showed that the growth and yield attributes such as plant height and number of tillers hill-1, number of panicles hill-1, filled grains panicle-1, test weight and lowest number of chaffy grains were significantly influenced by application of POP recommendation of KAU along with micronutrient mixtures viz. Sampoorna and Ayar. The treatment T9 (T5 + Si) recorded maximum grain yield which was on par with T6 (T3 + Sampoorna). Straw yield was maximum in T5 (T3 + Ayar) and was on par with T6. Higher harvest index was recorded in treatment T9 (T5 + Si). At harvest, the available N and P status of the soil were increased whereas the available K was decreased when compared to the initial soil nutrient status. Application of FYM + Neem cake + Groundnut cake along with Sampoorna recorded higher soil available N and application of fertilizers based on POP recommendation of KAU along with Ayar recorded maximum soil available P content. Plant nutrient content viz. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Si of both shoot and root were analyzed at maximum tillering, PI stage and at harvest. In the shoot, all the nutrients showed a declining trend from maximum tillering to PI except sulphur. The content of Fe showed sharp decrease from maximum tillering to harvest stage. The total uptake of nutrients showed a significant difference among treatments. Phosphorus uptake was maximum in treatment T10 and T6 recorded maximum K uptake. The treatment T9 recorded maximum uptake of nutrients such as Ca, Zn and Mn. T 5 recorded maximum Mg uptake. Application of FYM + Neem cake + Groundnut cake along with Sampoorna and silicon reduced the uptake of Fe. Correlation study revealed that plant nutrient content such as P, Ca, Mg, Cu and Si showed a positive relationship with yield at different critical growth stages. The treatment with POP Recommendation of KAU along with Sampoorna (T6) recorded maximum yield, gross return, net return and B:C ratio whereas, application of POP Recommendation of KAU along with Ayar and Si were also equally good with yield and ease of application. In general, the integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients along with secondary, micronutrients and Si not only increase the growth parameters and yield attributes but also increase the soil nutrient level and economics of wetland rice cultivation.Item Response of bhindi (abelmoschus esculentus L. moench) to fertigation and foliar nutrition in red loam soil of Kasaragod(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Padannakkad, 2018) Ashwini, B N; Binitha, N KItem Secondary and micronutrient management for enhancing soil health and productivity in upland rice(Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Shamsida, P; Rani, BAn experiment entitled " Secondary and micronutrient management for soil health and productivity in upland rice " was conducted with medium duration rice variety Uma, to investigate the effect of secondary and micronutrient application under organic and integrated nutrient management practices, on nutrient uptake, soil health and productivity of upland rice. The field experiment was carried out at farmer‟s field, Venganoor, Thiruvananthapuram, during Virippu, 2017-„18. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications and ten treatments viz. absolute control (T1), KAU PoP + lime (T2), KAU PoP + dolomite (T3), KAU PoP for organic farming (T4), foliar application of micronutrient solution or KAU sampoorna multimix along with lime (T5 and T6), dolomite (T7 and T8) and organic farming treatment (T9 and T10). Foliar sprays of 0.5 % micronutrient solution (containing FeSO4.7H2O 0.1%, ZnSO4.7H2O 0.25%, borax 0.1%, MnSO4. H2O 0.025%, and CuSO4. 5H2O 0.025%) and 1 % KAU sampoorna multimix (containing Zn 7%, B 4.5%, Cu 0.5%, Fe 0.2%, Mn 0.2% and Mo 0.02%) were given during the critical growth stages viz. active tillering, panicle initiation and one week after flowering. The soil of the experimental site before the crop was very strongly acidic with normal EC, sandy clay loam in texture, medium in organic carbon and available N, high in available P and K, sufficient in available Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, exchangeable Ca and Mg and deficient in available B. The results of the study revealed that foliar application of micronutrient solution or sampoorna multimix along with KAU PoP (dolomite or lime) significantly increased the total and productive tillers per m2 with T7 giving the highest value. Root length, dry weight and volume were highest for all the organic farming treatments. Foliar application of micronutrients produced significant increase in yield and yield attributes with T8 recording the highest value for panicle weight (2.41 g), length of panicle (23.43 cm), per cent filled grains (87.17 %) and thousand grain weight (23.53 g) resulting in the highest grain yield (4158 kg ha-1). T8 was on par with treatments T5, T6 and T7. Highest straw yield was recorded by T5 (4897 kg ha-1) which was on par with the other micronutrient applied treatments (T6 to T8) and KAU PoP receiving lime or dolomite alone. Application of liming materials alone or along with foliar micronutrients gave significantly higher contents of N, P and K in index leaf at panicle initiation stage with T6 giving the highest value for N and P and T7 for K. Treatment T2 gave the highest Ca content of index leaf, which was also on par with all the micronutrient applied treatments. Mg content was highest in the dolomite applied treatments and was on par with the lime applied ones. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B contents in index leaf were also found to be higher for the treatment receiving foliar micronutrients along with KAU PoP (dolomite or lime), with the highest values recorded by T5 for Fe, T7 for Mn and Zn, T6 for Cu and T8 for B. Higher N, P and K content in straw and grain were observed for treatments T5 to T8 which were on par with KAU PoP (lime or dolomite). Ca content of straw was highest for T2 and was on par with all the treatments except T4 and T1. Highest grain Ca was observed for T5 which also gave significantly higher Mg content in grain and straw compared to absolute control and the organic treatments. Uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B by straw and grain was also found to be the highest for the treatments receiving micronutrients along with KAU PoP (lime or dolomite). Soil available N and K were on par for all the treatments except organic treatments and absolute control. Available P was on par for all the treatments except T1. The increase in organic carbon due to integrated nutrient management was not significant. Liming materials significantly increased the soil Ca level whereas soil Mg was increased by the application of dolomite. Integrated or organic management increased the soil Fe, Mn and Zn levels. In general organic treatments gave significantly lower values for Cu and B. Foliar application of micronutrients along with KAU PoP (dolomite or lime) was more economical, resulting in significantly higher B: C ratio with the highest value (1.43) given by T8. Based on the study, it can be concluded that foliar micronutrient application (sampoorna multimix or micronutrient solution) along with KAU PoP (lime or dolomite) significantly enhanced the growth, yield and nutrient uptake in upland rice.Item Foliar nutrition in nendran banana using multinutrient water soluble fertilizers(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Bashma, E K; Sudha, BItem Characterisation of coconut palms (Cocos Nucifera L.) showing general yellowing(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2017) Aparna, K; Sreekala, G SThe study on “Characterisation of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) showing general yellowing” was undertaken in selected coconut palms coming under Thiruvallam of Thiruvananthapuram district from March 2016 to March 2017. The objective was to evaluate the field characteristics and nutritional status of soil and coconut palms showing general yellowing and to formulate a management strategy. Coconut palms of variety WCT showing general yellowing which advance from lower to upper whorls of leaves were identified from farmer’s field of Thiruvallam. Fifteen palms showing uniform pattern of general yellowing and five healthy palms were selected from five farmer’s fields. Field, soil, plant and management practices followed by farmers were studied in the selected palms to identify the pre disposing factors leading to general yellowing. Observations on morphological and yield characteristics of selected coconut palms were recorded for one year at 60 days interval. Soil and plant samples were collected and analysed for macro and micronutrients. Based on soil test results the quantity of deficient macro nutrients were calculated and applied as per package of practices recommendation of Kerala Agricultural University. The soil and plant sample was again analysed six months after the application of fertilisers. Data generated on field characterization revealed the type of soils as red loam soils with good drainage in all the selected coconut palms. High soil organic matter was seen in all the healthy coconut palms while eighty percentage of coconut palms showing general yellowing were under medium status of organic matter. Of the coconut palms showing general yellowing, fifty three percent belonged to the age group of 31-35.The disease and pest incidence in the healthy palms was only twenty percent while it was more than fifty percent in palms showing general yellowing. The morphological, physiological and yield parameters of selected palms indicated significant variation in number of leaves showing yellowing, chlorophyll content, membrane integrity, relative water content, number of bunches, number of female flowers per bunch of inflorescence, number of nuts set per bunch, weight of nut, weight of copra and oil content in coconut palms showing general yellowing compared to healthy palms. However after the application of nutrients significant increase in chlorophyll a content, total chlorophyll content, membrane integrity and relative water content was noticed in coconut palms showing general yellowing. The soil and leaf nutrient analysis revealed a significant variation in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and B content between coconut palms showing general yellowing and healthy palms. However, observations made at six months after the application of manures and fertilisers revealed a significant increase in soil pH, organic carbon, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B and Cl in the soil and N,P,K of index leaf of coconut palms showing general yellowing. There was no significant variation in the S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu before and after the application of manures and fertilisers. The present study based on nutritional status and visual symptoms revealed that low soil nutrient status of N, P, K, Ca and Mg have resulted in the general yellowing in coconut. The application of fertilisers as per average management recommended by KAU (2016) could only enhance the soil N, P, K and Mg status to medium level while for calcium it still remained in low status. Thus a higher dose of N, P, K, Ca and Mg are required for the palms showing general yellowing to substantially improve the nutritional status of the palm.Item Response of tomato to calcium and boron in the onattukara tract of Alappuzha district(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2017) Aswathy Mohan; Indira, MItem Morphological and physio chemical properties of Karapadom soils of the Kuttanad region of Kerala State(Division of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1975) Santhakumari, G; Aiyer, R SA study was mads on ths morphological and physico-chemical properties of 3 profiles of the Karapadom soils of the Kuttanad region. The study revealed many salient features of Karapadom soils The main conclusions drawn from the results obtained are summarised as follows 1. The soils can be texturally classified as clay, loamy sand, silt and silty loam* Maximum percentage of clay was recorded by the top layer of Vettikaripadom, lowest layer of Mathurpadom and sub-surface layer of Mathurvadakke padom profiles. 2. In Mathurpadom and Mathurvadakke padom absolute specific gravity Increased with increase in depth and there is no general trend in the value of apparent density. 3. Mathurpadom and Mathurvadakke padom profiles are strongly acidic when compared to Vettikaripadom which is situated on the western most boundary of Kuttanad near Punnapra. 4. Electrical conductivity increased as depth of the profile increased in Mathurpadom and Mathurvadakke padom profiles. 5. In the three profiles, the organic carbon varies from 0.79 to 4.09 per cent and nitrogen varies from 0.11 to 0.3 per cent. She carbon nitrogen ratio of the profiles varies from 6.58 to 18.33Item Relative efficiency of soil and foliar applied nutrients in irrigated rice of Palakkad(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2013) Nissa Latheef; Mercy GeorgeThe research programme entitled “Relative efficiency of soil and foliar applied nutrients in irrigated rice of Palakkad” was conducted in the farmer’s field, Thathamangalam, Palakkad during Mundakan season October 2011- February 2012 to compare the efficacy of soil and foliar applied nutrients especially magnesium, zinc and boron. The treatments included package of practices recommendation for rice manuring (POP NPK+FYM), NPK alone as in the package of practices recommendation (POP NPK), soil test based nutrient application +FYM, soil application of MgSO4 @ 40 & 80 kg ha-1, ZnSO4 @ 20 & 30 kg ha-1, Borax @ 10 & 20 kg ha-1; foliar spray of MgSO4 @ 0.5 & 1%, ZnSO4 @ 0.5 & 1% and Borax @ 0.25 & 0.5% and an absolute control. Soil application of Mg, Zn and B were done as basal and foliar application were given at 20 and 40 DAT of rice as per the treatments.