1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Integrated nutrient management in a rice-rice cropping system(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1998) Deepa, S; Balachandran Nair, G KAn experiment entitled "Integrated nutrient management in a rice- rice cropping system" was condcuted at Cropping Systems Research Centre, Karamana during the second crop season of 1995-96, to study the effect of long term application of manures and fertilizers on the availability and uptake of nutrients and changes in the physico-chemical properties of the soil for sustained productivity. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve sets of treatments and four replications. The twelve sets of treatments incldued four treatments of different levels of recommended fertilizers, treatments of integration of chemical fertilizers with organic sources like farm yard manure, crop residues (rice straw) and green manure, along with one each of unfertilized control and farmers practice of manuring. Organic manure addition in different forms was found to have pronounced effect on various growth and yield attributing characters of rice when applied in combination with chemical fertilizers. When compared to other treatments, application of 25 or 50 per cent of recommended N through farm yard manure in kharif followed by 75 or 100 per cent of recommended NPK through chemical fertilizers in rabi, gave higher tiller number, root production, productive tiller number, thousand grain weight, grain yield, and straw yield. Integration of organic manures with inorganic fertilizers improved the N, P and K uptake by the plant at all growth stages and at harvest. Highest Nand K uptake were recorded when 50 per cent N, supplied through farm yard manure in kharif season. Highest P uptake was recorded when 25 per cent of N supplied through crop residue in kharif. In general the available N,P,K and organic carbon contents of the soil were slightly improved due to combined application of organic and inorganic sources of fertilizers. Application of farm yard manure to meet 50 per cent of N along with 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizers recorded maximum available NPK and organic carbon Bulk density was lowest under treatment receiving 50 per cent recommended N through farm yard manure in kharif. Incorporation of paddy straw, to meet 25 per cent N along with chemical fertilizers enhanced water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity of the soil.Item Quality and storage life of oriental pickling melon [Cucumis melo var.conomon(L) Makino] as influenced by major nutrients(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1985) Lissamma Joseph; Ramachandran Nair, SThe oriental pickling melon (Cucumis melo var. cocomon (L) Makino) was grown in a randomised block design under different organic and inorganic fertiliser treatments, with four replications at the Main Campus of Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, to study the effect of organic and inorganic manures on the yield, quality and storage life of this crop. The yield response of oriental pickling melon to different treatments was found to be significantly different. The treatment which received the highest dose of NPK in the organic and inorganic combination recorded the maximum yield per plot and number of fruits per plot whereas the treatments which received NPK through organic manures alone recorded relatively low yield. The weight and size of fruits were maximum when the highest dose of NPK was given completely in the inorganic form. The quality of the fruit was assessed by estimating the nutrient content at harvest; moisture, acidity, vitamin C, starch, total soluble solids and crude fibre content of fruits at harvest and thereafter at monthly intervals during storage. Significant difference was observed between treatments for these quality characteristics. During storage moisture, starch and vitamin C content of fruits showed steady decline irrespective of the treatments, whereas acidity and total soluble solids showed an initial increase followed by a gradual decline. The effect of organic and inorganic manures on storage life of oriental pickling melon was assessed by recording the rotting percentage of fruits during storage and it was found that increased degree of rotting occurred in treatments which received inorganic form of NPK, during all periods of storage. The organic form of manures showed a definite advantage over inorganic fertilisers in respect of the storability of oriental pickling melon.Item Investigatins on turmeric in relation to N P K fertilization and rhizosphere bacterial population(Division of Agronomy, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Vellayani, 1964) Chellappan Nair, P K; Madhavan Nair, KItem Quality assessment of organic manures and their effect on okra(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2018) Santhiya, K; Usha, K EItem Tillage and nutrition for productivity enhancement in tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium"(L.) schott)(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2017) Atul Jayapal; Kumari Swadija, OItem Response of upland rice(Oryza sativa L.) to NK ratios and S under partial shade(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2005) Mini Gopalakrishnan; Jayakrishnakumar, VA field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the first crop season of 2004 to study the response of upland rice to NK ratios and S nutrition under partial shade of coconut garden. The treatments included six levels of N and K in 2 : 1 and 2 : 1.5 ratio (T1 – 80 kg N : 40 kg K2O, T2 – 80 kg N : 60 kg K2O,T3 – 100 kg N : 50 kg K2O, T4 – 100 kg N : 75 kg K2O, T5 – 120 kg N : 60 kg K2O, T6 – 120 kg N : 90 kg K2O) and two levels of sulphur (S0 – 0 kg ha-1, S1 – 15 kg ha-1). Farmyard manure @ 5 t ha-1, P @ 30 kg P2O ha-1 were applied uniformly to all the treatments. Experiment was laid out in 6 x 2 randomized block design with three replications. Results of the experiment revealed that NK ratio and S application had significant influence on most of the yield attributing characters and yield of upland rice. Fertilizing the crop with 100 kg N ha-1, 50 kg K2O ha-1 and 15 kg S along with 30 kg P2O5 was found to significantly influence the growth characters, yield attributes and yield of rice. The physiological characters like chlorophyll content and relative leaf water contents were significantly influenced by NK ratio of (100 kg N : 50 kg K2O). Application of S significantly increased the physiological parameters. Application of 15 kg S in combination with 100 kg N and 50 kg K2O ha-1 significantly influenced the physiological parameters over control. Quality attributes like protein content of grain was significantly influenced by the application of 100 kg N and 50 kg K2O in combination with 15 kg S ha-1. The uptake of nutrients was profoundly influenced by the treatments and their interactions. Increased uptake of nutrients was recorded at an NK ratio of 100 kg N : 50 kg K2O. Application of S @ 15 kg ha-1 in combination with 100 kg N and 50 kg K2O ha-1 had a significant influence on uptake of nutrients. Increasing the levels of nitrogen, potassium and sulphur increased the soil available nutrients. Application of N at 120 kg, K at 90 kg K2O ha-1 and S at 15 kg ha-1 significantly improved the available nutrient status of soil. The results of the economic analysis revealed that benefit cost ratio was maximum in plots supplied with 100 kg N, 50 kg K2O and 15 kg S ha-1. Based on this investigation, it can be concluded that application of 100 kg N, 50 kg K2O and 15 kg S ha-1 along with 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 is necessary for obtaining economic yield of upland rice variety Harsha under partial shade.Item Agrotechniques for safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum Sandaou and Fernandes) in Kerala(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2005) Suma, V K; Girija Devi, LA field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm attached to the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the year 2004-2005, to study the adaptability and performance of safed musli under different sources of organic manures. Standardization of agro techniques such as planting weight of tuber and doses of nutrients were also undertaken. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomised block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of five sources of organic manures - M1 – FYM @ 30 t ha-1 (farmers’ practice), M2 – vermicompost, M3 – 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent vermicompost, M4 – 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake, M5 – 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent neem cake and M6 (control), viz., FYM @ 10 t ha-1 as basal + NPK @ 100 : 80 : 80 kg ha-1 and two different planting weight of tubers such as 10 g unit-1 (P1) and 15 g unit-1 (P2). Organic manure and planting weight of tuber had significant influence on most of the growth and yield attributing characters of safed musli. The fresh and dry tuber yield of safed musli as well as saponin content were also influenced by treatments. Results of the study revealed that application of organic manure as 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake significantly improved the growth characters like plant spread, number of suckers hill-1 and number of leaves plant-1 and physiological parameters like LAI, LAD and TBR. Similar trend was also observed for yield and yield attributing characters like length, diameter and number of tubers. Among the quality parameters, fresh and dry weight of tuber after peeling and saponin content were highest in the treatment where 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake was applied as organic source. The N, P and K uptake were maximum in 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake applied plots. The available N and K content in soil were the highest in 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent neem cake treated plots where as P availability was maximum in plots that received nutrients as 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake. Planting weight of tuber also significantly influenced the various growth and yield attributing characters. The growth characters like plant spread, number of suckers hill-1 and number of leaves plant-1 and physiological parameters like LAI, LAD and TBR were the highest in treatments where 15 g unit–1 weight of tuber was used as planting material. The yield, yield attributing characters and quality parameters were also the maximum in the same treatment. The uptake and availability of nutrients were also the maximum in the treatment where higher planting weight of tuber was used (15 g unit–1). Economic analysis revealed that planting safed musli @ 15 g unit-1 weight of tuber and applying nutrients as 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake could fetch maximum net return whereas for getting the highest BCR, it is wise to use 10 g unit-1 weight of planting material along with 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake.