1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)

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    Evaluation of pre-sowing interventions on seed quality, storage and field performance of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
    (Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, 2024-04-09) Adheena, P; Namboodiri Raji Vasudevan
    The research work entitled ‘Evaluation of pre sowing interventions on seed quality, storage, and field performance of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)’, was conducted as two experiments in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, during 2022-2023. Five months old seeds (variety – Arka Anamika) were subjected to fourteen pre sowing treatments namely, T1-Control, T2-Hydration-Dehydration (12 hours), T3-PEG 6000-13.5% (-0.25Mpa) 6 hours, T4-KNO32%(6hours), T5-sandmatric (60% WHC-3hours), T6-Trichoderma viride 4g/kg of seed, T7-Pseudomonas fluorescens 10g/kg of seed, T8-Hydration-Dehydration (24 hours), T9-PEG 6000-13.5% (-0.25Mpa) 12 hours T10-KNO3 2% (12 hours) T11-sand matrix (60% WHC -6 hours), T12-T.viride 4g/kg+P indica 5x105 spores Ml-1) 10 ml/kg were carried out. The initial seed quality parameters such as germination per cent -94%, vigour index I-1474, vigour index II-2.73, and moisture percent – 7.2 respectively, were assessed before storage and field experiments. In experiment I, the seeds were subjected to eleven of the fourteen presowing treatments mentioned earlier with three replications. These were then dried to less than eight percent moisture, packed in 700g polythene bags and stored under ambient conditions. The observations for all quality parameters were recorded immediately after the treatments and at monthly intervals for six months of storage period. The treatments displayed significant variations across all the investigated seed quality parameters. Among the treatments, treatment T9(PEG 6000-13.5% (-0.25Mpa) 12 hours) recorded the best seed qualities in all months of storage, followed by treatment T4 (KNO3 2% - 6 hours). The storage study clearly demonstrated that the quality of seeds consistently diminished with an extended storage period, regardless of the treatments applied. In the case of germination, all treatments, including control maintained the Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standard (IMSCS) of 65 percent up to the sixth month of storage. Seed quality parameters such as germination percent, vigour index I, vigour index II, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seedling fresh weight decreased with the advancement of the storage period. The electrical conductivity of seed leachate, mean germination time, time taken for 50% germination, seed moisture percent and seed microflora percent were found to be increasing over the period of storage. In experiment II, the seeds were subjected to thirteen treatments and control mentioned earlier. Among these, seven best treatments along with control were selected based on germination percentage and vigor index for the field experiment. The experiment was laid out in RBD (Randomized Block Design), with three replications. Maximum germination percentage was obtained in T4 (PEG 6000-13.5% (-0.25MPa) 6 hours -99.66) and it was on par with T10(Trichoderma viride at 4g/kg of seed), T5(PEG 6000-13.5% (-MPa) 12 hours), T6 (KNO3 2% (6 hours), T3 (hydration-dehydration (24 hours), T9 (sandmatric (60% WHC – 6 hours) and T11 (P. fluorescens at 10g/kg of seed). The results indicated that the pre sowing treatments showed significant differences for all the characters studied. In terms of growth characters, T3 (PEG 6000-13.5% (-0.25MPa) 6 hours) had the maximum number of branches per plant. T8 also had the least number of days to first and 50% flowering. All the fruit characters such as fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit weight (g) at maturity and fruit yield (t/ha) were recorded maximum in treatment T8(P. fluorescens at 10g/kg of seed) which was followed by T7 (Trichoderma viride at 4g/kg of seed). Similarly, all the seed yield characters such as, sees per fruit, seed yield per plant (g) and 100 seed weight(g) were also highest in T8 followed by T7. This underscores the significant impact of biocontrol agents such as P. fluorescens and T. viride on both fruit yield and seed yield characters. The ranking of traits in Experiment II aimed to identify the most effective treatments for enhancing the field performance of okra. Based on the total scores, T8(P. fluorescens at 10 g/kg of seed) emerged as the best treatment followed by T7(T. viride at 4g/kg of seed). In conclusion, treatments T9(PEG 6000-13.5% (-0.25Mpa) 12 hours) and T4 (KNO3 2% (6 hours) were found to be maintaining the seed quality. Additionally, treatments involving P. fluorescens and T. viride proved to be valuable for enhancing fruit yield and seed yield in okra variety Arka Anamika.
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    Impact of biopriming on seed quality and longevity in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Department of Seed Science And Technology, College of Agriculture,Vellanikkara, 2021) Ruth Olivya Sarella; Dijee Bastian
    The study "Impact of bio-priming on seed quality and longevity in rice" (Oryza sativa L.) was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara to study the effect of different seed priming treatments on seed quality and seed longevity under natural as well as accelerated ageing. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride, coconut water was used for seed priming rice variety Jyothy. Seeds of rice variety Jyothy were treated with the following treatments: -, Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg (T1), Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg (T2), Coconut water @ 75% (T3), P. fluorescens + T. viride (T4), P. fluorescens + coconut water (T5), T. viride + coconut water (T6), P. fluorescens + T. viride + coconut water (T7), Hydro priming (T8), Control (untreated) (T9). Both treated and untreated seeds were dried to <10 per cent moisture content and packed in Polyethylene bags (700 guage). The treated seeds were allowed to age both naturally and under accelerated ageing conditions. There were significant differences among the treatments on seed quality parameters. Irrespective of the treatment, germination, seedling growth (dry weight, length of root and shoot), vigour index- I (VI-I), vigour index- II (VI-II), speed of germination, SOD enzyme activity, dehydrogenase enzyme activity decreased significantly over the storage period. A significant increase in seed moisture content, electrical conductivity, Mean Germination Time (MGT), Time taken for 50% germination (T50) and seed microflora, was observed with increase in storage period. Seed treatment with P. fluorescens (10g/kg) + T. viride (4g/kg) + coconut water (75%) retained a germination per cent of (83.69%) and higher vigour indices among the treatments after nine months of storage followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg (T1) and P. fluorescens + T. viride (T4) while treatment hydropriming (T8) was found to be inferior in all quality parameters. Coconut water treatments were found to be superior in increasing root and shoot length of the seedlings across the storage period which was reflected in the vigour indices. Bio priming with P. fluorescens resulted in early emergence of seedlings. Seed microflora was found to increase significantly towards the end of storage period. This increase was least in P fluorescens @ 10g/kg (T1), Aspergillus spp., Pencillium spp. were observed in the primed seeds. In present study it was found that among bio primed treatments P fluorescens treated seeds performed better than T. viride treated seeds in all quality parameters. Accelerated aged seed samples were gathered and tested at daily intervals for 7 days to evaluate seed quality parameters. In general, dry priming performed better than wet primed seeds. Vigour indices was found to be highest in bio primed seeds (T2, T4 , T7) than othertreatments Seed longevity is found to be higher in bio primed seeds which can be evaluated from speed of germination (T1, T4, T7), electrical conductivity (T2, T4 ), dehydrogenase and SOD enzyme activities. Seed infection (%) increased towards the end of ageing period and recorded least in P. fluorescens treatments (T1, T7, T5) Seed treatments P. fluorescens (10g/kg) + T. viride (4g/kg) + coconut water (75%) was the best treatment followed by P fluorescens @ 10g/kg of seeds in improving seed quality as well as seed longevity. Treatments P fluorescens @ 10g/kg (T1), T. viride @ 4g/kg (T2), P. fluorescens + T. viride (T4), P. fluorescens + T. viride + coconut water (T7) of seed may be used as seed treatments to enhance seed longevity in rice.
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    Influence of storage environment and packing materials on seed germination and viability of Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. and Indigofera tinctoria (L.)
    (Academy of Climate Change Education and Research Vellanikkara, 2017) Gayathri, P; Kanakamany, M T
    Desmodium gangeticum and Indigofera tinctoria are valuable medicinal plants frequently used in the Indian System of Medicine. These crops are propagated through seeds. Seeds of these crops lose viability within 3-4 months after extraction under normal conditions. In order to get optimum plant population, uniform germination has to be assured. For that it is necessary to store the seeds at appropriate environmental conditions. By modifying the storage environment and by using apt packing materials storage life of seeds can be enhanced. The present investigation “Influence of storage environment and packing materials on seed germination and viability of Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. and Indigofera tinctoria (L.)” was carried out at the Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Vellanikkara and All India Coordinated Research Project on Medicinal, Aromatic Plants and Betelvines (AICRP on MAP & B), College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during the year 2016-2017. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with 18 treatments replicated twice. Observations on micrometeorological and seed quality parameters (1000 seed weight, seed moisture content, germination percentage, seedling root length, seedling shoot length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight) were recorded at weekly intervals. All the seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by the individual treatments of moisture levels, packing materials and storage environments and by the combined interaction of these three factors except seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight and 1000 seed weight at some weeks after storage. Seeds of 8% moisture content recorded higher germination percentage for both crops, higher seedling root length and shoot length for Indigofera tinctoria. Among the packing materials, polythene bag stored seeds of Desmodium gangeticum showed higher 1000 seed weight, germination and seedling shoot length at the same time cloth bag stored Indigofera tinctoria seeds recorded higher 1000 seed weight, germination and seedling root length. Seeds stored under refrigerated condition showed higher 1000 seed weight, germination percentage, seedling root length and seedling shoot length for both crops. Significant positive and negative relationships were observed due to the influence of weather parameters (maximum temperature, minimum temperature and relative humidity) on seed quality. Maximum temperature and relative humidity showed a positive relationship with majority of the seed quality parameters except seedling fresh weight of Indigofera tinctoria and seed moisture content of Desmodium gangeticum. Most of the seed quality parameters (1000 seed weight, seed moisture content, germination percentage, seedling shoot length and seedling fresh weight) were negatively influenced by minimum temperature. Results of the investigation implies that, to enhance the germination of seeds over a period of 12 weeks of storage it is better to dry the seeds to 8% moisture content and pack in polythene bags for Desmodium gangeticum seeds , cloth bags for Indigofera tinctoria seeds and store under refrigerated environment.