1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Efficacy of vermicompost,vermiwash and amf on quality seed production of bhindi(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2005) Nishana, H; Sajitha Rani, TAn experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Vellayani during June to September of 2004 to evaluate the efficacy of vermicompost, vermiwash and AMF on quality seed production in bhindi. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two replications. The main treatments were aquatic weed vermicompost, banana pseudostem vermicompost and farmyard manure along with vermiwash through soil application, foliar application, soil + foliar application and control treatment as water spray. The subplot treatments consisted of AMF application and without AMF application. Taller plants were observed in banana pseudostem vermicompost and aquatic weed vermicompost treated plots. Significantly higher number of leaves with high leaf area index and dry matter production was noticed in aquatic weed vermicompost compared to other organic manures. Days for 50 per cent flowering was found maximum for farmyard manure. Aquatic weed vermicompost also showed better root characteristics along with yield attributes such as number of flowers plant-1, number of fruits plant-1, fruit yield plant-1, total fruit yield ha-1, number of seeds fruit-1 & seed yield ha–1 with better seed quality parameters like seed viability, seeding vigour and germination percentage. Among the modes of vermiwash application, soil + foliar application of vermiwash was found better in showing superior trends in plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index, dry matter production, number of flowers and fruits plant-1, fruit yield plant-1, total fruit yield and seed yield ha–1 with better seed quality i.e., seedling vigour and germination percentage. AMF application also showed maximum plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, root length, root - shoot ratio, fruit yield plant-1, total fruit yield, weight of seeds fruit-1 and seed yield ha–1. Higher BC ratio was found in aquatic weed vermicompost, soil + foliar application of vermiwash and in AMF. So aquatic weed vermicompost along with soil + foliar application of vermiwash and AMF is ideal for quality seed production in bhindi.Item Nutrient management in turmeric (Carcuma Longa L.) through organic manures(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2002) Rakhee, C K; Jayachandran, B KAn experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during June 2001 to February 2002 to evaluate the effect of organic manures on growth, yield and quality of turmeric grown as an intercrop in coconut garden and to assess the relative efficiency of organic manures as substitute to inorganic fertilizers. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments and three replications laid out in RBD. The organic manures used were FYM, vermicompost, neem cake, green leaves, poultry manure, biogas slurry and coir pith compost. Organic manures were applied on nitrogen equivalent basis. The results of the study revealed that the growth characters, rhizome yield as well as quality aspects like volatile oil content of turmeric were significantly influenced by various organic manures. But harvest index, top yield, curcumin content, soil properties except NPK content were not significantly influenced by various organic manures. In the case of weed biomass also no significant influence was noticed. FYM, vermicompost and coir pith compost performed well in the case of growth characters. Though FYM and coir pith compost maintained their superiority at various growth stages regarding plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, dry matter production, LAI, LAD, and root: shoot ratio, other organic manures like neem cake,' green leaves, poultry manure and biogas slurry gave comparable results at various stages of growth. Regarding rhizome spread and thickness, coir pith compost performed superior and the superiority was present only during later stages of growth .. In the case of root spread, root length and root volume also coir pith compost was the best treatment. At initial stage of growth maximum root weight was produced by FYM and at later stages coir pith compost performed better. In the case ofCGR and RGR, FYM and vermicompost performed better. In the case of NAR maximum values were produced by vermicompost, green leaves and NPK alone as POP recommendations of KAU. Coir pith compost as the source of organic manure had positive influence on rhizome yield which was on par with FYM. Coir pith compost, vermicornpost and FYM performed better than other treatments in the case of dry turmeric and bulking rate at various stages of growth. Absolute control treatment recorded lower values in the case of growth and yield characters. Quality of turmeric improved with various organic manures. Volatile oil content was highest in the case of coir pith compost treatment and it was on par with POP recommendations of KAU, NPK alone as per POP recommendations of KAU and FYM alone as per POP recommendations ofKAU In the case of residual nutrients high soil NPK values were registered by green leaves. B: C ratio was maximum when coir pith compost was used as the organic manure and it was on par with FYM, vermicompost and poultry manure. The significant impact of organic manures in the current research brings out the suitability of organic manures as a substitute for inorganic fertilizers for successful turmeric cultivation.Item Effect of vermicompost on the electro-chemical properties and nutritional characteristics of variable charge soils(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1997) Bijulal, B L; Rajendran, PThe study entitled "Effect of vermicompost on the electrochemical properties and nutritional characteristics of variable charge soils" has been carried out during 1994-95 which comprised of two experiments, viz., an incubation study and a pot culture experiment. The incubation experiment was carried out at the laboratory attached to the Department of Soil Science and Agrl. Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani which was intended to study the effect of vermicompost (VC) in comparison with two other organic manures, viz., FYM and ordinary compost, on the electro-chemical properties and nutritional characteristics of a low activity clay soil taken from Vellayani. The pot culture experiment was conducted using the same soil used for the incubation study, to compare the agronomic effectiveness of various organic manures including vermicompost using cowpea as a test crop. Both the experiments were laid out in Completely Randomized Design. The incubation experiment was conducted with nine treatments consisting of various organic manures with and without rock phosphate. Periodical sampling and analyses of soil incubated with various treatment materials were done at 30 days' interval to study the comparative effect of treatments on the electo-chemical properties and nutritional characteristics of the soil. The pot culture experiment was conducted with eleven treatments containing different organic manures with and without chemical fertilizers, to study the comparative effect of different treatments on crop growth using cowpea. Observations on various biometric and yield parameters have been recorded and analyses of plant samples were done at three stages of growth of the plant, viz., 20 DAS, maximum flowering and at harvest. The nutrient status of the soil after the experiment was also analysed. From the incubation experiment it was made clear that the effect of various organic manures differed significantly in influencing the electro-chemical and nutritional properties of variable charge soils. In general, vermicompost maintained its superiority over other organic manures, especially in the presence of chemical fertilizers, in influencing various soil properties. The effects were statistically significant in the order vermicompost > FYM> ordinary compost. From the experiment it was proved that lower doses of vermicompost could be equated with higher doses of FYM and ordinary compost. Vermicompost established its superiority over other organic manures by influencing many of the soil properties favourably. The major effects were the reduction in P-fixation and increased P solubility in presence of vermicompost. The increased mineralisation of other major and secondary nutrients in the presence of VC caused an enhancement in the availability of these nutrients on an equivalent weight basis. A substantial increase in base status and pH, caused by vermicompost improved the overall plant nutrient status and soil environment compared to other organic manures. The organic matter fractions and other colloidal fractions were found to be favourably influenced by vermicompost. Organic colloids, being the most active and reactive phase of the soil, its contribution towards the total base exchange capacity and cation protection was more pronounced in the case of vermicompost. Biometric observations at critical stages of growth of the crop and yield parameters recorded when analysed statistically have proved the superiority of VC over other organic amendments studied. Vermicompost application in combination with chemical fertilizers was proved to be the best among treatments tested. Lower doses of VC (10 t ha-1) with lime and fertilizers was equally effective as higher doses (20 t ha-1) of other organic manures studied. Analysis of plant samples at critical stages of growth also revealed the same effect. Soil analysis data after the pot experiment has further established the superiority of VC over other treatments. This is indicative of the ability of VC to sustain a higher level of soil fertility for a sufficiently longer period of time. However, the present study being an experiment under controlled conditions, further research involving detailed field experimentation with selected crops is needed for drawing final conclusions.