1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)

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    Rootstock evaluation and grafting studies in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
    (Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2019) Sadanand Kumabar; Narayanankutty, C
    The present investigation was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy and Centre for Hi-Tech Horticulture and Precision Farming, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during the year 2018-2019 with the objective to evaluate ten available rootstocks comprising of Surya, Haritha, SMI, SM2, SM3, SM116, SM398, Solanum sisymbrifolium, Sokmum torvum KAUl, Solanum torvum TNAUl for resistance to bacterial wilt in both field evaluation and artificial Inoculation and to study the field performance of grafted brinjal plants on bacterial wilt resistant rootstocks. In the field trials Solanum sisymbrifolium was highly susceptible to bacterial will with 96.6% wilt incidence whereas SM398 (40% PDI), SM2 (40% PDl), SMI (23.3% PDI), Solanum torvum KAUl (16.6% PDI) and Solanum torvum TNAUl (20% PDI) were found moderately resistant to bacterial wilt. Genotypes such as Surya, Haritha, SM3 and SM1I6 found highly resistant to bacterial wilt even when spot planted with susceptible check genotype Pusa Ruby which showed 100 percent wilt incidence. The PDI in check genotype Pusa Ruby ranged from 86.67 per cent to 100 per cent. Solanum sisymbrifolium spot planted with Pusa Ruby took minimum number of days to wilt incidence (23.40 days) whereas SM398 took maximum days to will (32.3 days). Under artificial inoculation the genotype Solanum sisymbrifolium exhibited 73.33 per cent will incidence along with the susceptible check Pusa Ruby which exhibited 86.6 per cent wilt incidence and both the genotypes were classified as susceptible to bacterial wilt. All other genotypes viz,, Surya, Haritha, SM 1, SM2, SM3, SM 116, SM398, Solanum torvum KAU1 and Solanum fon'um TNAUl did not show any wilt incidence under artificial inoculation and were resistant to bacterial wilt. Solanum sisymbrifolium took more number of days to wilt (16.81 days) when compared to the susceptible check Pusa Ruby (9.77 days). The root dip method recorded highest PDI in both susceptible genotype Solanum sisymbrifolium (86.67%) and the susceptible check Pusa Ruby (100%) when compared to media drenching and stem injection methods and the number of days to wilt incidence was also the lowest in root dip method (11.70 days) followed by stem inoculation (12.25 days) and media drenching (26.50 days). Significant differences were observed with respect to plant height, plant spread, stem girth, number of primary branches, fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, average fruit weight, yield per plant, total phenolic, dry matter, number of wilted plants, root length and root spread among ail the rootstocks used when compared to non-grafted control and all the grafted plants produced significantly better performance for all the above parameters irrespective of the rootstocks used. Maximum yield per plant (6.69 kg), number of fruits per plant (94.80), plant spread, stem girth, number of primary branches, fruit lengtli (22.22 cm), root length (63.65 cm) and root spread (87.05 cm) were recorded when cullivar Haritha was used as a rootstock. The highest plant height, fruit girth (10.97 cm) and average fruit weight (78.00 g) were recorded on SMI 16 rootstock. Highest dry matter content was found in fruits of grafted plants of SM398 (11.12%) and the total phenolic content was the highest when SM3 (113.30 mg/l OOg) was used as rootstock. Maximum numbers of wilted plants were observed in non-grafted control. The perfonnance of non-grafted control plants was poor for all the above characters studied. Grafting did not significantly influence earliness, duration of the crop or number of harvests or total soluble solids content of fruits in brinjal. It had no significant effect on incidence of other pests on the crop except for bacterial wilt. From above studies it could be summarised that spot planting could be used as an effective tool for screening brinjal genotypes against bacterial wilt. Grafting technology could be successfully utilised in brinjal not only for bacterial wilt resistance but also for obtaining higher productivity. Haritha was found to be best rootstock for grafting in brinjal as it recorded significantly higher yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, plant spread, stem girth, number of primary branches, fruit length, root length and root spread followed by SMI 16 rootstock which recorded the highest plant height, fruit girth and average fruit weight.
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    Stability analysis and molecular characterization of F1 hybrids in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Kavishetti Vinay, Vishwanath; Lekha Rani, C
    Stability analysis helps in assessing genotype × environment interaction in order to identify stable genotypes in large multi-environment trials. Therefore the present study entitled “Stability analysis and molecular characterization of F1 hybrids in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)” was carried out to evaluate ten hybrids along with one check across four locations. The locations selected for trials were College of Agriculture, Vellayani and farmer’s fields at Thiruvalla, Sadanandapuram and Kayamkulam in Kerala. The trial seasons were kharif (2015- 16) and summer (2016-17). The objective was to study the performance of superior hybrids over different locations and seasons from heterotic crosses of brinjal and to confirm the hybridity using SSR markers. Randomized block design with four replications was employed. Stability and adaptability of yield and yield attributing characters of hybrids were analysed by Eberhart-Russell model (1966). Pooled analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes, environments and genotype × environment interaction for all the characters studied. The indication was that the hybrids responded differently to changes in the environment. Promising hybrids were identified on the basis of stability parameters viz., overall mean, regression coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression (S2di). In kharif season, the hybrid Wardha local × Palakurthi local was observed to be stable and widely adapted to all environments for days to first flowering, number of fruits plant-1, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit girth, calyx length, yield plant-1, yield plot-1 and plant height. The hybrid Wardha local × Swetha was identified as stable with regard to fruit weight, yield plant-1 and yield plot-1. The hybrid Wardha local × Vellayani local was identified as stable for favourable environments with regard to fruit length, yield plant-1 and yield plot-1. The hybrid Surya × Vellayani local was found stable for poor environments with regard to days to first flowering. Stability analysis for the summer season crop also revealed the hybrid Wardha local × Palakurthi local as stable across all environments with respect to days to first flowering, days to first harvest, number of fruits plant-1, fruit weight, fruit length and yield plant-1. Swetha × Vellayani local hybrid was stable across all environments with regard to days to first harvest, fruit weight, fruit length, calyx length, yield plant-1, yield plot-1 and plant height. The hybrid Surya × NBR-38 was found stable with respect to yield plant-1, yield plot-1 and plant height for favourable environments. Qualitative characters viz., total phenols, total sugars and vitamin C content and biotic stress traits viz., shoot and fruit borer infestation and bacterial wilt incidence were recorded for the eleven hybrids in kharif and summer season in all four locations. On the basis of overall mean performance of hybrids, results illustrated that the hybrid Swetha × Vellayani local recorded the highest values for total phenols and the hybrid NBR-38 × Vellayani local recorded the lowest values. Total sugar content was highest in Wardha local × Swetha and NBR-38 × Selection Pooja and lowest in Surya × NBR-38. The hybrid Neelima and Swetha × Vellayani local recorded higher quantity of vitamin C and NBR-38 × Vellayani local and NBR-38 × Selection Pooja recorded the lowest values. The hybrids Wardha local × Palakurthi local, Swetha × Vellayani local and Neelima recorded minimum infestation of shoot and fruit borer and was found resistant to bacterial wilt also. Hybrids and their parental lines were characterized using SSR markers. Among the four markers studied, three markers viz., emb01M15, eme08D09 and CSM31 were found to be polymorphic among the parental lines of respective hybrids viz., Surya × NBR-38, Surya × Vellayani local, NBR-38 × Selection Pooja, Swetha × Vellayani local, Wardha local × Swetha, Wardha local × Palakurthi local, Palakurthi local × Vellayani local and NBR-38 × Vellayani local which could be used for ensuring the genetic purity of respective parental lines and hybrids. F2 families viz., Wardha local × Palakurthi local, Wardha local × Swetha, Wardha local × Vellayani local and Swetha × Vellayani local were selected on the basis of yield performance from F1 for further evaluation. F2 populations revealed that family Wardha local × Palakurthi local and Wardha local × Vellayani local were superior in yield performance and yield attributing characters. The present investigation revealed that the hybrids Wardha local × Palakurthi local and Swetha × Vellayani local were stable and widely adapted over different locations and seasons and the hybridity was confirmed with the SSR markers, emb01M15 and eme08D09.