1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Characterization and evaluation of drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) accessions for yield and quality(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture,Vellanikkara, 2019) Anitta Judy Kurian; Anitha, PDrumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.), belonging to the family Moringaceae is one of the most useful tree with a variety of potential uses. Large variability exists in drumstick since the crop is cross pollinated and naturalized in many areas. The study entitled “Characterization and evaluation of drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) accessions for yield and quality’’ was conducted during January to December 2018. Twenty five accessions were catalogued based on IPGRI minimal descriptors (2013). Data on morphological, quantitative and biochemical characters were recorded for one calendar year (2018) for further analysis. Tree shape varied from upright to spreading. Grey coloured barks were recorded in majority of accessions except in VKMo 3, VKMo 4 and VKMo 8 which had white bark colour. All accessions produced pale green coloured young shoots with purple tinge. Foliage density at flowering period varied from sparse, medium to dense. Leaflet shape varied from ovate, oblong to elliptical and leaf apex from obtuse to acute. Both secondary and tertiary flowering branchlets were observed. Flowers produced in all the accessions had triangular shaped, polysepalous nature, pale green coloured calyx; corolla having triangular shape, polypetalous nature and cream colour. Fresh fruit pulp colour was white in all accessions. Taste of fresh fruit pulp was palatable in all flowering types except VKMo 3, VKMo 6, VKMo 11, VKMo 13 and VKMo 29, which were bitter in taste. Out of twenty five accessions, three were leafy types viz. VKMo 32, VKMo 35 and VKMo 38. Two peaks of flowering viz. January- April and September- November were observed in VKMo 2, VKMo 7, VKMo 12, VKMo 15, VKMo 16 and VKMo 17. Accession VKMo 3 recorded highest tree height (7.68 m) and trunk girth (65.8 cm). Accession VKMo 10 recorded highest fruit length (89.50 cm), fruit girth (6.72 cm) and number of ridges/fruit (10.50). Highest fruit weight was recorded in VKMo 9 (160.00 g). Accession VKMo 6 recorded highest number of seeds per fruit (21.20). Highest number of fruits/tree was recorded in VKMo 2 (22.21) and total fruit yield/tree in VKMo 3 (1775.54 g/tree). Estimation of biochemical characters in leaves, flowers and fruits revealed that leaves are rich sources of these biochemical characters followed by flowers and fruits, except for iron. Highest iron content was recorded in flowers, followed by leaves and fruits. Significant, positive correlation was observed between fruit yield per tree and fruit weight (0.613); fruit yield per tree and number of fruits per tree (0.896). Significant positive correlation was recorded between protein and beta-carotene (0.424); beta-carotene and phenol (0.462); protein and phenol (0.466). Significant, positive correlation was observed for beta-carotene content with rainfall (0.640) and number of rainy days (0.603). Calcium content showed a significant, positive correlation with mean temperature (0.585). Trunk girth (0.0266), fruit length (0.029), tree height (0.074), number of seeds per fruit (0.195), fruit weight (0.639) and number of fruits per tree (0.977) exhibited direct positive effect on yield. Principal component analysis for the quantitative characters revealed that, first three principal components accounted for 88.1 per cent of the total variation and was contributed by number of seeds per fruit, fruit girth, trunk girth and tree height. Clustering of the accessions resulted in formation of five clusters. Principal component analysis on biochemical characters revealed that, first two principal components accounted for 64 per cent variance and was contributed by iron, calcium, protein and vitamin C. Clustering of the accessions resulted in formation of six clusters. Overall ranking of drumstick accessions for important quantitative and biochemical characters revealed that the performance of accession VKMo 7 (87) was superior followed by accession VKMo 9 (91). Organoleptic evaluation revealed that accession VKMo 29 ranked superior for overall acceptability. Incidence of leaf eating caterpillar (Noorda blitealis) on drumstick accessions showed that seven accessions viz. VKMo 5, VKMo 11, VKMo 17, VKMo 30, VKMo 35, VKMo 36 and VKMo 38 possess tolerance to leaf eating caterpillar.Item Influence of post bunching sprays of cytokinin, potassium and calcium on yield and shelf life of banana (Musa AAB Nendran) fruits(Department of Pomology & Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1999) Sindhu, T S; Sajan KurienThe experiment entitled " Influence of post-bunching sprays of cytokinin, potassium and calcium on yield and shelf life of banana (Musa AAB Nendran) fruits" were carried out in the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara. The study was investigated during two seasons from 1997 to 1999 with the objective of increasing the yield and shelf life by bunch management sprays in plants which had been given bunch stalk feeding of urea, primarily by use of a nutrient viz., potassium; secondly by use of nutrient which acts in preserving the integrity of the cell wall viz, calcium and thirdly, a plant growth regulator with known anti senescence properties viz., cytokinin. The study emphasised the overall superiority of three percent K2SO4 sprays applied at third and fourth week after bunch emergence. Yield and yield components like the finger characters such as length, grade and FCI were improved by the treatments. A delay in maturity and ripening and an extended shelf life were observed. The quality of treated fruits revealed reduced acidity, increased sugar contents, higher urease activity, lower residual urea and lower levels of nitrite nitrogen. Electrolytic leakage was also less in K treated fruitsItem Analysis of bean characters in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) hybrids bred for bold beans(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2015) Rubeena, M; Presannakumari, K TItem Physiological genetics of character associations in hybrid rice(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2001) Sindhu, V K; Nandini, KThe studies were conducted at the College of Horticulture, Vellanikara, to analyse the "Physiological Genetics of character associations in Hybrid rice (Oryza Sativa L.) ". The study mainly aims to characterize the morpho- metabolic associations in plant attributes that contribute to higher productivity in hybrid rice. Three hybrids and their parental genotypes were evaluated to. understand how different genotypes may compliment one another physiologically and also to identify the stages at which the better physiological efficiency contribute heterosis. From this study, it was revealed that the heterotic advantages result in two ways VlZ., generalized morphologic improvement in growth and yield attributes and efficiency enhancement. The results also envisages the importance of heterotic functional efficiency over morphological efficiency. The stability of chlorophyll aJb ratio and the differential changes of Nrase enzyme activity, both at different phenophases shall serve as a better index for selection of genotypes in rice breeding programme. The pattern of biochemical character like soluble protein, enzymes like Peroxidase, catalase revealed that the magnitude of physiological expression is independent of genetic 'capabilities or genetic expressivity is conditioned by physiology of the plant. The soluble protein and enzyme activity at tillering phase appears to be the most critical in deciding the yield of the rice, in order to achieve a complete heterotic effect' in rice breeding. The biochemical as well as physiological aspects at different growing stages should be given due importance