1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Predicting heat load inside the cattle shelter by analyzing biotic and abiotic factors in tropical humid zone(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research,Vellanikkara, 2020) Divya Sasi; Harikumar, SItem Water availability and climatic water balance for a selected cropped area(Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Tavanur, 2018) Venkata Sai, K; Asha JosephItem Trends in production and bienniality of coconut (cocos nucifera L.) var.wct.(Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Fallulla, V K; Vijayaraghava KumarItem Efficay of probiotic and ascorbic acid in alleviating summer stress in growing broiler rabbits(Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Smitha, S; Kannan, AThe research work was conducted to study the efficacy of probiotic (Lactobacillus casei) and ascorbic acid in alleviating summer stress in growing broiler rabbits. The study was done in the summer season from March to May. The growth performance of rabbits in summer, their physiological response to stress and the cost effectiveness of supplementing probiotic, Lactobacillus casei and ascorbic acid were studied. Twenty four weaned New Zealand White rabbits were randomly selected from Rabbit unit at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara were utilized for the study. They were divided into four groups of six animals each. The treatments were as follows: Treatment I (T1) - Ascorbic acid (Merck) at the rate of 200 mg per kg feed was given along with the basal diet, Treatment - 2 (T2) - Probiotic, Lactobacillus casei (Unique Biotech) containing 106 colony forming units per gram of feed was given along with the basal diet, Treatment - 3(T3) - Probiotic and Ascorbic acid at the same rate as in T2 and T3 were given along with the basal diet and Treatment - 4 (T4) - Rabbits fed with basal diet alone. The various climatic parameters studied were maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity (morning and afternoon) in macro climate and maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity (morning and afternoon), dry bulb temperature (morning and afternoon) and relative humidity (morning and afternoon) in micro climate. The production parameters recorded were weekly body weight, daily feed intake, average daily weight gain and feed efficiency. The physiological parameters studied were weekly respiration rate, weekly rectal temperature and monthly cortisol (faecal and serum) values (twice a month for three months). Disease incidence and mortality during the period was recorded. Cost effectiveness of supplementing probiotic and ascorbic acid was determined. The mean monthly temperature humidity index values suggested that animals were under moderate heat stress in the first (28.45±0.16) and the second month (28.50±0.22), while no stress prevailed in the third month (26.83±0.21). By one way Analysis of variance it was found that supplementation of probiotic, Lactobacillus casei and ascorbic acid had a significant effect in alleviating summer stress in rabbits. The animals in the T1 group showed significantly (P<0.05) higher overall mean daily body weight gain, overall mean feed efficiency and significantly (P<0.05) lower overall mean respiration rate and faecal cortisol level compared to T4 animals. The rabbits in T2 treatment showed significantly higher (P<0.05) final body weight, overall mean daily body weight gain, overall mean feed efficiency and significantly (P<0.05) lower overall mean respiration rate compared to T4. The rabbits in the T3 group showed significantly higher (P<0.05) final body weight, overall mean daily body weight gain, overall mean feed efficiency and significantly (P<0.05) lower overall mean faecal cortisol level compared to T4. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the treatments in mean feed intake, rectal temperature and serum cortisol. No disease incidence or mortality was observed during the experimental period. Supplementation of probiotic and ascorbic acid was found to be efficient in reducing the production economics. Hence it was concluded that supplementation of probiotic, Lactobacillus casei at the rate of 106 cfu per g of feed and ascorbic acid at the rate of 200 mg per kg feed in combination was found to be most effective and economic in alleviating summer stress in growing broiler rabbits.Item Effect of seed soaking and foliar spray of growth regulators on rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2001) Poornima Yadav, P I; Babu Mathew, PA field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the rabi 2000, to study the effect of seed soaking and foliar spray of growth and yield of rice. To assess the influence of different seed soaking chemicals on seed germination and seedling characters, a nursery study was conducted in CRD with four treatments and four replications (T1 –water soaking, T2 – soaking in Azospirillum, T3 – soaking in Penshibao, T4 – soaking in Azospirillum + Penshibao). The main field experiment was laid out in split split plot design with three replications. The treatments included four types of seed soaking (T1 – water soaking, T2 – soaking in Azospirillum, T3 – soaking in Penshibao, T4 – soaking in Azospirillum + Penshibao) in the main plots, five types of growth regulators as foliar spray (F1 – triacontanol, F2-GA3, F3-kinetin, F4-Penshibao and F5-water spray) in sub plots and two stages of application (S1-20 DAT and S2-20 and 30 DAT) in sub sub plots. Observations on nursey study revealed that soaking rice seeds in Azospirillum or Penshibao alone or in combination improved the germination percentage and all other seedling characters. Results of the main field experiment indicated that seed soaking, foliar spray, stages of application and their combinations had a significant influence on most of the growth characters, growth analysis parameters, yield attributing characters, yield, nutrient uptake and BCR. Soaking seeds in Penshibao + Azospirillum (T4), foliar spray with Penshibao (F4) and spraying at 20 and 30 DAT (S2) improved almost all growth characters, growth analysis parameters and chlorophyll content. These treatments also recorded the highest grain yield while straw yield was comparable for soaking in Penshibao alone and its combination with Azospririllum. Among the foliar sprays, Penshibao registered the highest grain and straw yield when applied at two stages compared to single application. In treatment combinations, soaking seeds in Azospirillum and Penshibao followed by foliar spray of Penshibao, soaking seeds in Penshibao followed by its foliar spray and soaking in Penshibao and Azospirillum followed by foliar spray of GA3 were found to be on par and significantly superior to other combinations. Nutrient uptake was also influenced by the three factors studied (seed soaking, foliar spray and stage of application). Nitrogen uptake was the highest for soaking seeds in Penshibao and Azospirillum and it was on par with soaking in Penshibao alone. Similarly foliar spray with Penshibao at 20 and 30 DAT registered the highest N uptake at harvest. The different chemicals used for seed soaking were found to have a comparable effect and superior to water soaking on P uptake. Among the combinations, soaking in Penshibao and Azospirillum with foliar spray of Penshibao at 20 and 30 DAT registered the highest values for N,P and K uptake. The economic analysis showed that the individual effect of combind soaking in Azospirillum (600 g ha-1) and Penshibao (100 ppm), foliar spray of Penshibao (100 ppm) and spraying at 20 and 30 DAT were superior to other treatments. Among the interactions, the treatment combination of soaking seeds in Penshibao + Azospirillum followed by foliar application of Penshibao at 20 and 30 DAT, recorded the highest BCR.