1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Characterization of selected curcuma species germplasm using morphological and molecular markers(Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Bimal Thomas; Asha, K ICurcuma L., a perennial rhizomatous herb, is gaining global importance as a source of starch besides its medicinal property and use as a spice. Characterization of germplasm is very essential in crop plants and it is the basis for selection of accessions for use in crop improvement programmes. This research work was an attempt to characterize the fifteen selected accessions in eight species of Curcuma collected from different parts of India and maintained in the field gene bank of ICAR-CTCRI using morphological and molecular markers. Two accessions in each of C. amada, C. angustifolia, C. aromatica, C. decipiens, C. malabarica, C. raktakanta, C. zedoaria and one of C. longa were selected. These 15 accessions were morphologically characterized using 13 qualitative and 15 quantitative traits and a wide variability was observed. Dendrogram based on the morphological characters grouped the genotypes into four clusters. PCC analysis revealed that the accessions of the same species have shown more than 83% similarity except C. angustifolia. C. raktakanta accessions have shown a highest intra-specific similarity of 94%. C. decipiens accessions were found to be the highly variable from the most commonly exploited species C. longa while C. aromatica has shown highest similarity. PCA showed that the characters such as leaf midrib colour, rhizome flesh colour, leaf texture and aroma of rhizome have contributed mostly to the variability. Molecular characterization was done using 10 ISSR and 7 SSR markers. The total percentage polymorphism obtained by ISSR characterization was 94.31 while it was 91.11 percentage in the SSRs. C. angustifolia-1 was found to be highly variable from C. angustifolia-2 suggested the occurrence of intraspecific variability. The intra-specific similarity among C. raktakanta accessions were found to be highest than all other accession pairs. Clustering based on ISSR markers grouped the genotypes into five clusters while SSRs into six clusters. Mantel’s test showed a positive correlation between the morphological and molecular data. The results of the present study indicated that the morphological as well as the molecular tools were found to be very effective in the characterization of germplasm of Curcuma species for the developement of core collections and for further use in the crop improvement programmes.Item In silico screening and identification of lead molecules with anti-hepatitis B activity(Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriciulture, Vellayani, 2018) Alina A Nazir; Sreekumar, SHepatitis B is an infectious liver disease which causes high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection concentrates on clearing the HBV DNA and to prevent the development of complications. Currently seven drugs are available for the treatment of CHB: 5nucleo(S)tide analoque and 2 interferon based therapies. In order to find out safe and better drug, in the present investigation a total of 571 phytochemicals from three plants viz Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, Curcuma longa and Zingiber Officinale were screened against three Hepatitis B Virus proteins such as HBx, HBc and polymerase (Poly) through docking using the tool AutoDock 4.2. For docking out of 571 phytochemicals derived from E. cardamomum (87), Z. officinale (273) and C. Longa (211), the structure of 558 compounds were downloaded form chemical databases and remaining 13 molecules structures were drawn using ChemSketech. The 3D structures of all phytochemicals structures were generated using the tool CORINA in .pdb format. The 3D structure of the target protein HBc was retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB ID:1QGT) and the structure of HBx and poly were modelled using the software MODELLER. The active site and residues of the target protein HBx and HBc was detected using PDB Sum and Poly was detected using CASTp. Docking was performed using the tool Auto Dock and the docked structures having binding energy <-5.0 kcal/mol were considered as the active/hit molecules. Top ranked five hit molecules with least binding energy obtained from each plant were further analysed based on other ctiteria such as hydrogen bond, other molecular interactive forces like hydrophobic interactions and drug likeness properties and selected the best lead molecules. The result showed that all three spices have inhibitory effect on the targets, HBX,HBc and poly. The best lead molecules selected against HBX was B-carotien (G bind <-11.40 kcal/mol) derived from Z.officinale and C. longa follewed by B-sitosterol (Gbind <-8.62 kcal/m0l) which was present in all the three plants. Similarlly, the best lead obtained against HBc was -ylangene (Gbind <-8.04 kcal/mol) from C. longa and Z.officinale and the compound 2-hydroxy methyl anthraquinone (-Gbind < -8.00 kcl/mol) present in E.cardamomum was also equallly competent as the best lead. Against polymerase vanilic acid (Gbind <-5.50 kcal/mol)was found as the best lead and it was present in all three plants. The compound p-hydroxy-benzoicacid obtained from Z. officinale and protocatechuic-acid from C.longa were also equally competent as the best lead. The results support the traditional knowledge and practice. However, based on the foregoing results in vitro and in vivo experiments are to be essential for further confirmation.Item Priming seed rhizome to enhance growth and yield of transplanted ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2018) Dharini Chittaragi; Jalaja S MenonItem Pathological studies on the ameliorative effect of Curcuma longa on experimental Pasteurellosis in rabbits(Centre for Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2008) Manjula V James; Lalithakunjamma, C RAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the symptoms and lesions of experimental pasteurellosis and to study the beneficial effects of Curcuma longa (turmeric) in managing pasteurellosis. Thirty two New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups each having eight replicates. Group I served as control. Group II were given feed mixed with turmeric at the rate of 2 g/kg body weight for the whole period of experiment and on the thirty first day of the experiment, animals were intranasally exposed to P. multocida. Group III rabbits were intranasally exposed to P. multocida on the thirty first day of the experiment and turmeric was fed at the rate of 2 g/ kg body weight after exposure until the end of the experiment. Group IV rabbits were fed on control diet alone for thirty days and then intranasally exposed to P. multocida on the thirty first day of the experiment. Body weight and haematological parameters were recorded on day zero, 14th and 28th day of the experiment and biochemical parameters on 28th day were estimated. The rabbits were challenged with 0.1 ml of 18 h broth culture of P. multocida serotype A: 1 containing approximately 3 ×108 organisms/ml by intranasal route. Blood was collected for haematological and biochemical evaluations after eighteen hours of post inoculation from all the groups. Supplementation of turmeric significantly (P<0.05) increased the body weight on 28th day of the experiment. Turmeric supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased the haemoglobin concentration on day 28. The total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count did not reveal significant difference between the dietary groups. The serum total protein, albumin and albumin : globulin ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher in turmeric fed group on the 28th day. The serum creatinine values were within the normal range and no significant difference was noticed. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were comparatively lower in turmeric fed group but no significant difference were noticed on the 28th day. Results of the present study after challenge with P. multocida indicated that the haemoglobin concentration did not reveal significant difference except for numerical decrease in values noted in challenged groups compared to the control. The total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count significantly (P<0.05) increased in challenged groups compared to the control. Also the levels of serum total protein, albumin: globulin ratio and creatinine were significantly (P<0.05) higher in challenged groups. The levels of ALT, AST and ALP were also significantly (P<0.05) higher in the challenged groups. Pathological studies on the trachea, lungs, heart, liver and kidney revealed acute lesions suggestive of septicaemia. The intensity of damage in Group II rabbits were found to be much less in these organs which were evident in the haemato-biochemical values and gross and histopathological lesions. Overall evaluation of the results of the study indicated that supplementation of turmeric was advantageous. Also the study brought to the light that apart from the beneficial effects on body weight, haematology and biochemical profile, turmeric revealed partial protective role on pasteurellosis. The results of the study prove promising and need further investigation using different levels of turmeric in diets.