1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Modelling and prediction of the impact of climate change on blue carbon ecosystem services provided by tropical mangroves , east coast of India(College of Climate Change and Environmental Science,Vellanikkara, 2023-11-30) Sreelekshmi, M; Mangrove deforestation by land use conversions is the greatest threat to the conservation of coastal ecosystem. Here, the aim of this study is to predict the changes in mangrove regulatory services in Bapatla district Andhra Pradesh. Also estimate the carbon stock of planted and natural mangroves in the study area. Core of this study is Modelling and evaluation of spatial-temporal changes in blue carbon stocks and net sequestration potential in mangrove forests in Bapatla Landscape Andhra Pradesh, from 1993 to 2050. InVEST Coastal Blue Carbon model, which quantifies the potential carbon sequesteredin the study area based on changes in the land use and land cover. Also estimate the economic value of coastal blue carbon in Bapatla mangroves by analysing the changes in carbon storage that have taken place over 57 years. Field studies reveals that carbonstock in soil and biomass were high in natural mangroves as compared to planted mangroves. There is an increased trend in carbon stocks and net sequestration of mangroves. Over all net carbon sequestration was approximately 1.42 Mt C over a period from 1993 to 2050. The future projection by InVEST model reveals that there was a net increase on the carbon sequestration (0.83 Mt C from 2022) as a business-as- usual scenario. The monetary value of CBCS was subject to gains of between US$ 300000 and 1550000 per year, and losses of between US$ 40000 and 206666 per year, according to recent estimates by social cost of carbon (SCC). In spite of loss of mangrove vegetation over Krishna delta due to coastal erosion, deforestation, decline and aquaculture encroachments, several mangrove- restoration projects taken up during 1991–2008 led to an overall increase in its area. This study only considers about the regulatory services provided by mangroves. This finding can support the development of public policies for mangrove conservationand restoration actions to mitigate climate impact. Key words : Coastal blue carbon, Land use/Land cover, Mangrove, InVEST modelMangrove deforestation by land use conversions is the greatest threat to the conservation of coastal ecosystem. Here, the aim of this study is to predict the changes in mangrove regulatory services in Bapatla district Andhra Pradesh. Also estimate the carbon stock of planted and natural mangroves in the study area. Core of this study is Modelling and evaluation of spatial-temporal changes in blue carbon stocks and net sequestration potential in mangrove forests in Bapatla Landscape Andhra Pradesh, from 1993 to 2050. InVEST Coastal Blue Carbon model, which quantifies the potential carbon sequesteredin the study area based on changes in the land use and land cover. Also estimate the economic value of coastal blue carbon in Bapatla mangroves by analysing the changes in carbon storage that have taken place over 57 years. Field studies reveals that carbonstock in soil and biomass were high in natural mangroves as compared to planted mangroves. There is an increased trend in carbon stocks and net sequestration of mangroves. Over all net carbon sequestration was approximately 1.42 Mt C over a period from 1993 to 2050. The future projection by InVEST model reveals that there was a net increase on the carbon sequestration (0.83 Mt C from 2022) as a business-as- usual scenario. The monetary value of CBCS was subject to gains of between US$ 300000 and 1550000 per year, and losses of between US$ 40000 and 206666 per year, according to recent estimates by social cost of carbon (SCC). In spite of loss of mangrove vegetation over Krishna delta due to coastal erosion, deforestation, decline and aquaculture encroachments, several mangrove- restoration projects taken up during 1991–2008 led to an overall increase in its area. This study only considers about the regulatory services provided by mangroves. This finding can support the development of public policies for mangrove conservationand restoration actions to mitigate climate impact. Key words : Coastal blue carbon, Land use/Land cover, Mangrove, InVEST modelItem Pedigree breeding in early segregating generations of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2017) Sunil, R; Jiji JosephPulses represent an essential component of agricultural food crops and considered as an important crop to meet food and nutritional security. They complement cereal crops in terms of dietary requirement as a source of protein and minerals. In several countries of the tropics and sub-tropics, cowpea serves as an important food legume. It plays an essential role in enrichment of daily diet, mainly as a grain and green pods. In general, cowpea seeds contain 23.4 per cent protein, 60.3 per cent carbohydrates and 1.8 per cent fat. It also provides considerable amount of vitamins and phosphorus. The protein availability in cowpea seeds and green pods is almost double/ triple the amount of available cereal protein. The average grain yield of cowpea is still low and no single variety is adaptable for all growing conditions. Exploiting genetic variability is an essential method, to overcome the complex nature of cowpea breeding and to identify an elite high yielding genotype. Selection of best lines with high yield and other associated characters, in segregating generations paves a way to develop new varieties. The present study aimed to evaluate the F2 and F3 generations for high yield and protein content in two crosses (H 10 and H 11), involving Anaswara, PKB 3 and PKB 4 as parents. In general, the F2 families of both the crosses showed high mean performance and variance over the parents. Grain yield showed very low phenotypic coefficient variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient variation (GCV). All other characters showed a moderate PCV and GCV values in segregating generation expect for days to first flowering, days to first harvest and days to last harvest. Most of the characters showed high heritability (h2) in F2 generation. In F2, the lowest value for h2 was observed for single pod weight in H 10 family and for grain yield in H 11 family. Similarly, High genetic advance over mean (GAM) was exhibited by 100-seed weight in H 10 family and number of pods per plant in H 11 family. Selection based on characters with high h2 and high GAM will be highly effective. In F2 generation of H 10 family, single pod weight showed significant and positive correlation with hundred seed weight and grain yield per plant. Days to first harvest and days to last harvest had a significant negative correlation with grain yield per plant. Days to first flowering, days to last harvest and single pod weight had significant negative correlation with protein content. In F2 generation of H 11 family, days to last harvest and number of pods per plant showed significant and positive correlation with grain yield per plant. Number of pods per plant showed a significant positive correlation with protein content. Days to first harvest showed significant negative correlation with grain yield per plant and days to first flowering with protein content. On path analysis, plant height, days to first harvest, pod length and hundred seed weight showed a positive direct effect on grain yield. Negative direct effect was exerted by protein content towards grain yield. A selection criteria was fixed based on number of pods per plant, grain yield per plant and protein content for selecting best lines to be forwarded to F3 generations. Eight lines from F2’s of H 10 family and fifteen lines from F2’s of H 11 family were identified to be the best and forwarded to next generation. F3 family of both H 10 and H 11 followed a general trend for mean, variance, GCV, PCV, h2 and GAM. Mean and variance were high for most of the characters and GCV and PCV values were moderate except for days to first flowering, days to first harvest, days to last harvest, 100-seed weight and grain yield, where it was low. F3 families showed high heritability and moderate GAM, for most of the characters. In F3 generation of cross H 10, days to last harvest had significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant. There was no significant positive correlation with the characters towards grain yield, in the F3 generation of cross H 11. Significant and negative correlation, showed by days to first harvest with grain yield per plant and days to first flowering with protein content in family H 10. Whereas, in family H 11 hundred seed weight showed significant negative correlation with protein content. On path analysis, days to first flowering showed very high positive direct effect followed by single pod weight, plant height and 111 number of pods per plant. Very high negative direct effect showed by days to first harvest through days to first flowering towards grain yield. Nine lines each from F3’s of H 10 and H 11 with high yield and protein content was selected and shall be forwarded for next generation evaluationItem Functional diversity of an evergreen forest ecosystem of Vazhachal forest division, Kerala(Department of Forest Management and Utilisation, College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, 2016) Deepakkumar, R; Gopakumar, SItem Land use pattern and regional water balance in relation to climate change - a case study of Kanthallor panchayath, Idukki, Kerala(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research Vellanikkara, 2018) Vishnumaya, A P; Jalaja S MenonItem Measuring the climate change mitigation potential of forests and TOF (tree outside forest) systems in Thrissur(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research Vellanikkara, 2017) Nidhish P Madhu; Shijo JosephInventorying of terrestrial carbon stock is important in understanding the role of forests and tree resources in the mitigation of climate change and its consequences. For this purpose, a total of 40 sample plots of 0.1ha area were inventoried. The sample plots included 4 plots within evergreen forests, 10 plots in moist deciduous forests and 26 plots in TOF (Trees Outside Forests) systems of Thrissur district in Kerala, Southern India. Five carbon pools, namely, above ground biomass, below ground biomass, deadwood, leaf litter and soil organic carbon were estimated. Chave’s generalised allometric model was used to estimate the above ground biomass. Below ground biomass component and deadwood carbon was calculated using IPCC default values. Litter carbon in forest systems were measured using gravimetric method while in TOF systems litter carbon was appropriated using UNFCCC guidelines. Soil organic carbon in every soil samples was measured using the Walkley black wet digestion method. A land use land cover map of Thrissur district for the same land use classes was also prepared using spectral signatures obtained from the GPS coordinates during field work. From the study, the mean carbon stock of evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests and TOF systems calculated were 623.68, 306.71, 150.15 tons/ha respectively. Above ground biomass was the major contributor in every land use type except in the case of plantations in TOF systems where soil organic carbon was the major contributor. The other major contributor included soil organic carbon, followed by below ground biomass while dead wood and litter carbon formed the least. The mitigation potential of forests and TOF systems in Thrissur district was calculated to be 19.22 million tons of CO2. The major contributor was the TOF systems which shows the immense potential of Kerala in mitigating the change in climate with its large population of trees outside forests.Item Eco-friendly management of major pests of upland rice ecosystem(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Shobha, Y B; Suja, GItem Impact of climate change on agroforestry systems of high range landscapes of Kerala(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research Vellanikkara, 2017) Anjaly George; Shijo Joseph