1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Relative advantages of F1 hybrids and 50:50 physical mixture in tomato(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1986) Sheela, A G; Peter, K VBacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith is the most serious disease limiting the successful cultivation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in the acidic soils of Kerala. Development of F1 hybrids possessing different resistant gene systems would be a desirable step in tomato improvement. Development of specific physical mixtures could also minimise crop damage considering the ‘Obstruction’ given by the component lines. Experiments were carried out during 1984-’85, at the Instructional Farm of College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Trichur to identify new sources of resistance to bacterial wilt. The susceptible check Pusa Ruby showed 100% susceptibility in all the trials. Six specific tomato lines-LE 79 LFE, LE 214, LE 217, IIHR Bwr 93, IIHR Bwr 34A and LE 206-were crossed in all possible combinations. All F1 hybrids except IIHR Bwr 93 x IIHR Bwr 34A and IIHR Bwr 34A x LE 206 were resistant to bacterial wilt. LE 214 x LE 206 were resistant to bacterial wilt. LE 214 x LE 206 (921.75 g/plant), the best F1 hybrid, had 27.15 fruit/plant and was earlier to fruit set (57.8 days) and fruit harvest (85 days). Among the 15 physical mixtures, six were resistant-LE 214 + LE 217 (16.67%), LE 214 + IIHR Bwr 93 (18.33%), LE 214 + IIHR Bwr 34A (10%), LE 217 + IIHR Bwr 34A (13.33%). LE 214 + IIHR Bwr 93, the best resistant physical mixture, had 24 fruits/plant weighting 600.38 g/plant. Intervarietal heterosis was observed for plant height, primary branches/plant, days to fruits/plant and fruit yield/plant. Combining ability analysis indicated the role of both additive and non-additive geneaction in the expression of days to fruit set, days to fruit harvest, and plant height. Additive gene action was predominant for primary branches/plant. A preponderance of non-additive gene action over additive gene action was observed for fruit/plant and fruit yield/plant. To study the maternal parental effect, five lines of tomato- LE 79 LFF, LE 214, LE 217, IIHR Bwr 93 and LE 206- were crossed in all possible combinations including reciprocals. Maternal parental effect was pronounced for days to fruit set, days to fruit harvest and fruit set (%). Evaluation of 15 reportedly resistant lines of tomato confirmed resistance in LE 211, LE 214, LE 217, LE 79 LFG and LE 79 DG. The line LE 79 LFG was the highest yield (742.6 g/plant) with 19.67 fruits/plant.Item Heterosis for yield and resistance to bacterial wilt in brinjal(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1987) Jameela Thomas; Gopinathan Nair, VBacterial wilt of brinjal (Solanum malongena L.) caused by Pseudomonas colanacearum E.F Smith is a serious threat to brinjal cultivation all over India. Most of the commercial varieties are highly susceptible to this disease and hence unsuitable for cultivation in wilt endemic areas. Farmers in many places have been forced to abandon cultivation due to heavy incidence of bacterial wilt. Fine cross combinations were made between three resistant varieties (Pusa purple cluster, SM-6 and SMI-10) as ovule parents and each of three commercialbut susceptible varieties (Black beauty, Puma purple long and Puca purple round) as pollen parent , with a view to combine the wilt resistance of the former and high yield potential of the latter. The bacterial pathogen causing wilt in brinjal was isolated. Based on the cultural and physiological characters it was identified as Pseudomonas solanaecearum.Item Genetic resource evaluation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for resistance to tikka leaf spot(Division of Agricultural Botany, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1989) Sajikumar, T A; Achamma OommenThe research project " Genetic resource evaluation of groundnut Arachis hypogaea L.) for resistance to tikka leaf spot was carried out at the College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, during 1988-89. Two hundred and fifty six groundnut genotypes available in the Department of Agricultural Botany were made use of for the study. A susceptible variety- TMV 2- was used as control. A field screening study was conducted with the 257 genotypes during July- November 1988, in arandomised block design with two replications. Disease rating was done with the aid of a diagramatic chart and the groundnut accessions were grouped into different categories such as immune, highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant , moderately susceptible, susceptible and highly susceptible , based on the percentage of infection on leaves . Out of the 257 genotypes used for screening studies, four genotypes were moderately susceptible , 197 susceptible and 56 highly susceptible to tikka leaf spot. None of the varieties was immune highly resistant or moderately resistant.Item Evaluation of the F2 generation of interspecific hybrids of Abelmoschus with reference to yellow vein mosaic resistance and yield(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1986) Honey Mathews; Gopimony, RA study was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1984-85 aimed at evaluating the F2 generation of interspecific hybrids between the yellow vein mosaic susceptible cultivars of Abelmoschus esculantus and the resistant semi-wild species. A manihot for yellow vein mosaic resistance and yield and selecting desirable F2 recombinantsItem Breeding for resistance to mosaic viruses in pumpkin (Cusurbita moschata Poir)(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1998) Jessy M Kuriakose; George, T EItem Development of molecular markers linked to yellow vein mosaic resistance in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)(Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, 2015) Vinutha, J S; Deepu MathewYellow vein mosaic is the most serious disease leading to 50-94 per cent yield loss in okra. None of the chemical measures are successful to save an infected plant and breeding the resistant varieties is the most accepted strategy in the management of this disease. Molecular breeding through marker assisted selection is more advantageous over the conventional breeding since it will help to assure the presence of the gene in the breeding lines and avoid the selection of pseudo-resistant line. As of now, there are no markers for the identification of YVMV resistance gene in okra. Hence the study was undertaken with the objective to identify ISSR and RAPD markers linked with the gene governing resistance to the yellow vein mosaic virus disease in okra through bulked segregant analysis to enable marker assisted selection. In the present investigation, two okra genotypes namely Parbhani Kranthi (YVMV resistant) and Salkeerthi (YVMV susceptible, early bearing, excellent fruit quality) were used. Field screening of both the parental lines was done simultaneously in the same field during February-May 2014. No artificial inoculation methods were followed since the heavy population of white flies observed in the summer months was sufficient to ensure the disease occurrence and crossing was done between the selected plants (Salkeerthi X Parbhani Kranthi). The seeds were harvested from the crossed plants and subsequently used to raise F 1 population. The raising of F 1 plants was carried out in the month of September- December 2014 and the morphological characteristics and disease response of 180 F 1 plants were recorded. All the F 1 plants were free from disease symptoms. The F 1 plants were selfed to produce F 2 seeds. The F 2 population with 200 plants was field screened during January-April 2015. Seven highly susceptible and 7 highly resistant plants were identified, DNA isolated from each, resistant and susceptible DNAs bulked separately and used for Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA). For theextraction of good quality DNA, the CTAB method (Doyle and Doyle, 1987) may be modified by avoiding the liquid nitrogen while grinding the plant tissue and additionally washing the DNA pellet with wash buffer to remove the mucilage content. Evaluation of quantitative characters on F 1 in comparison with parental lines showed variation for the traits such as plant height, petiole length, days to flowering, days to first harvest, number of fruits per plant and yield per plant. Two molecular marker systems namely, RAPD and ISSR were employed for identification of markers linked with YVMV resistance. A total of 84 RAPD primers and 82 ISSR primers were initially screened for their ability to amplify the DNA fragments. Out of these, 39 RAPD primers and 24 ISSR primers were selected based on the number of bands and nature of amplification. In BSA, two RAPD primers OPB11 and OPL 18 yielded markers linked with resistance to YVMV. OPB11 produced distinct polymorphic bands of 800, 1000 and 1100 bp sizes whereas, OPL 18 produced polymorphic bands of 1000 and 1100bp. Two ISSR primers ISSR 8 and UBC 873 yielded distinct polymorphic bands in relation to YVMV resistance. The ISSR 8 and UBC 873 yielded the markers at 500 and 900 bp, respectively. Another primer ISSR 22 gave a distinct marker at 1100 bp size, linked to susceptibility to YVMV. Co-segregation analysis was performed using individual DNA of resistant parent, susceptible parent, resistant F 2 and susceptible F 2 using RAPD primers OPB 11, OPL 18 and ISSR primers namely ISSR 8, ISSR 22 and UBC 873. OPB 11 produced three distinct markers in all resistant F 2 individuals. ISSR 8 produced distinct marker of 500 bp in all resistant F 2 individuals. ISSR markers were found to be reproducible and they are recommended for use in marker assisted selection for resistance to YVMV in okra.