1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Medicinal properties and process optimisation for GABA enrichment in rice(Department of Community Science, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, 2023-12-15) Simla Thomas; Aneena, E RRice, the grain of life is consumed worldwide and serves as the cornerstone of global food security. Brown rice in its whole form contains various nutritive and bioactive components and has numerous health benefits. Germination is an effective method to enhance the organoleptic, textural and nutritional qualities of rice grains, including functional compounds such as gamma amino butyric acid (GABA). The present study revealed that, GABA content in rice can be enhanced by adopting optimum soaking and germination durations. In GABA enriched rice, the antioxidant, antiproliferative activities, nutritional benefits and sensory qualities were found to be higher than ungerminated rice. The developed processed rice products showed good sensory qualities and retained GABA content. Germination is an effective and low cost strategy to transform rice into a functional food.Item Studies on growth response, feed efficiency and carcas characteristics of pigs reared up to different market weight on two dietary treatments(Department of Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1977) Ramachandran, P; Sivaraman, EA detailed investigation was carried out to study the growth rate, feed efficiency, carcass quality and economics of production of fattening pigs maintained on two dietary treatments differing in protein levels and reared upto three different body weights. Thirtysix weaner pigs of Large White Yorkshire breed belonging to the University Pig Breeding Farm, Mannuthy were distributed under two dietary treatments and divided into three groups 1, 11 and 111 of six animals each, the animals in the three groups being slaughtered at body weights of 55, 70 and 85 kg.respectively. Higher dietary protein level of 18 per cent promoted better weight gains in pigs during the initial period of their growth. Lowering of protein level in the finishing ration reduced the weight gain and feed efficiency of the animals. A dietary protein level of 16 per cent throughout the feeding period brought about linear increase in overall average daily gain at all body weights studied. Though the protein level does not seem to influence any of the carcass characteristics studied, the dressing percentage, carcass length, backfat thickness and eyemuscle area are positively correlated with body weights under both the dietary treatments. Fat constants are not affected either by protein levels or by live weights. The overall results obtained during the course of the present investigation indicate that the unit cost of production of fattening pigs is least at 55 kg live weight on the dietary treatment A having 18 – 16 – 14 per cent protein and at 85 kg live weight on the dietary treatment B having 16 per cent protein level throughout.Item Study on management information system in institutional swine farm(Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2002) Bindu, P; Joseph MathewA study on Management-Information System (MIS) was conducted in Centre for Pig Production and Research (CPPR), Mannuthy to analyse the merits and demerits of the MIS presently available in the farm and to formulate an MIS based on computer software which may improve managerial efficacy and decision making process in swine farm and to develop, refine and then recommend a management information system. The merits and demerits of the present MIS in the centre were studied by conducting a survey using separate and well-designed questionnaire among scientists technical staff and administrative staff and also by interview. The information obtained in the survey were analysed and meaningful conclusions were drawn on the efficiency of the present MIS. Observations were made on the present MIS prevailing in the Centre with regard to various production parameters such as animals, its production and reproduction details, feeding, breeding, weeding, human resource components, labour management administration, financial implications, research, teaching and extension activities, profit and loss account productivity of each element and all other related elements. A computerized MIS was developed using the data collected from the farm. The enterprise edition of Visual Basic 6.0 was used as front end, while MS Access-97 was used as back end for the package developed. The MIS developed under this study is structured under a main menuwith various sub-menus such as System, History, Administration, Research, Breed and Management. The System sub-menu has Change Password, Users and Exit options. The History sub-menu is segmented into Introduction, Units divisions, Lay out, Objectives, Head of Station and Teaching and Extension options. The Administration sub-menu is divided into Employee details, Pay Entry Staff, Pay Entry Labours, Enter Biodata and List Employees options. The Research sub-menu has Select Title and Add Title options. Breed sub menu is provided with Details, Breed pictures, Add Animal group, Add Animal, Birth Entry, Death Entry, Sales and Care and Management options. The sub-menu Management is segmented into Registers, Profit/loss, Weight Recordings, Feed Management and Profit Loss Entry options. The developed software was tested by an “on-farm trial run” in the Centre for a period of one month for'identifying the defects and the developed MIS has recommended as a model after rectifying the defect. The model can be recommended for other farms with necessary modifications.Item Refinement of management practices for jasmine (jasminum sambac L) in humid tropics(Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2007) Smisha, I S; Sobhana, AStudies were conducted at the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture Vellanikkara, to find out the effect of month of pruning and fertilisers on vegetative and floral characters of J. sambac as well as post harvest trials on extending the keeping quality of flowers. Out of different months of pruning, plants pruned in October showed maximum plant height while those pruned in July showed maximum plant spread. Number of primary and secondary branches were highest in April pruned plants which was on par with July pruned plants. There was no significant difference in the number of productive shoots. Yield was highest for January pruned plants. Hundred flower bud weight and flower bud length were also maximum for these plants. The manurial trial included organic manures, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilisers. Plant height was maximum for treatment containing Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and AMF along with NPK 120:240:240.g/plant per year in the initial months but in later months treatments containing neem cake, groundnut cake and poultry manure showed maximum plant height. Plant spread was highest in treatment containing neem cake 100g, FYM 100g and ground nut cake 100g given at monthly intervals. Productive shoots were also maximum in treatments containing neem cake, groundnut cake and poultry manure. Flower yield was also maximum in treatment containing neem cake, groundnut cake and poultry manure. This was significantly superior to all other treatments. Nutrient analysis revealed that the treatment containing chemical fertilizers had maximum amount of available nitrogen and the treatment containing organic manures had maximum amount of phosphorous in soil. Potassium content was maximum for treatment containing Azospirillum and phosphobacteria. In vegetative stage leaf nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents were maximum in treatment containing neem cake, ground nut cake and poultry manure. In flowering stage there was no significant difference among the treatments in the case of nitrogen. Treatment containing neem cake, ground nut cake and poultry manure showed maximum value in the case of phosphorous and potassium. Under post harvest studies packaging treatments containing polythene cover with four per cent perforation showed minimum physiological loss of weight followed by the flowers packed in polythene bag without perforation. Flower buds packed in polythene bag remained fresh up to 36 hours. In chemical treatments aluminium sulphate 25ppm delayed wilting by 42hours in both seasons. This was significantly superior to all other treatments. In chilling treatments time taken to wilt was maximum for flower buds kept at temperature of 200C followed by flower buds kept at temperature of 150C.Item Comparative feed efficiency of crossbred jersey and crossbred brown swiss cattle(Department of Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Devasia, P A; Ananthasubramaniam, C RItem Genetic diversity analysis and identification of molecular markers associated with leaf blight resistance in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)(Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2015) Aswathy Anand, A; Asha Devi, AItem Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption among school children through nutrition intervention programme.(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2011) Seethal, K C; Beela, G KThe over arching goals of this study was to promote the fruit and vegetable consumption among school children through nutrition intervention programme. Recent literature shows that the consumption of fruits and vegetables among school children are inadequate and the trend of junk food eating habit is increasing alarmingly. A wealth of anecdotal evidence reveals that nutrition intervention programmes with gardening effect multiple domains in the lives of the subjects. The objective of the present study is to promote the fruit and vegetable consumption among the school children through nutrition intervention programme. It also investigates the impact of the nutrition intervention on the knowledge, preference and consumption towards fruits and vegetables. Tools were constructed to ascertain the demographic information’s, food consumption pattern, assessment of general health status, preference towards fruits and vegetables, knowledge towards fruits and vegetables and fruits and vegetable consumption pattern. The tools were subjected to reliability and validity tests before the study. The present study was carried out in three sessions, the first session was pre test, done, before the intervention, the second session was during the intervention and third session was the post test after the intervention. All the subjects in the present study were reported to be habitual non vegetarians. Data shows that even low cost and locally available leafy vegetable like amaranth, drumstick leave and cabbage were not consumed daily by the majority of the subjects. Consumption of roots and tubers, as well as other vegetables were also reported to be less by majority of the subjects. Frequency of fruit consumption of the subjects was also found to be low. Banana was the only fruit that was daily consumed by the subjects. . The results of the present study reveals that subjects showed preference to food rich in sugar and fat compared to that of fruits and vegetables. Majority of the subjects did not show high preference towards leafy vegetables, other vegetables as well as roots and tubers. The nutrition intervention was designed including nutrition education using multimedia tools, gardening, providing hands on activities through the actual growing and harvesting of fruits and vegetables followed by nutrition games. The frequency use of fruits and vegetables of the subjects who participated in the nutrition intervention programme significantly increased. The intervention programme had significant effect on the gain in knowledge as well as change in preference score for fruits and vegetables of the subjects who participated in the nutrition intervention. Positive associations of participation index of the subjects with knowledge score are also found. Hence it can be concluded that nutrition intervention with nutrition education, gardening and games can promote the fruit and vegetable consumption, preference and knowledge of the pre adolescent.Item Standardization of organic nutrient regimes for anthurium (Anthurium andreanum Lind.) cultivars.(Department of Pomology and Floriculture,College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2011) Jomy Jacob; Sabina George, TItem Nutritional status and job performance of anganwadi workers(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2005) Shunmukhapriya, S; Prasannakumari, BA study on “Nutritional status and job performance of anganwadi workers” was carried out to assess the nutritional status and job performance of anganwadi workers and to find out the relationship between nutritional status and job performance. Data regarding the socio-economic characteristics, job characteristics, food consumption pattern, energy balance, morbidity pattern, job performance and nutritional status of AWWs were studied in detail. From the present study it was found that 43.33 per cent of the AWWs belonged to the age group of 40-50 years and 56.67 per cent of the AWWs were educated up to high school. Social status of the AWWs indicated that 68.33 per cent of them were Hindus and 57.5 per cent belonged to other back ward classes. Seventy eight per cent of the AWWs were married. Fifty one per cent of the AWWs were members of an organization. Nuclear type of families of with four members is common among the surveyed AWWs. Economic status of the AWWs revealed that the mean income of the AWWs from their job was Rs.1363/- per month only and sixty per cent of the AWWs had family income less than Rs.3000. Forty per cent of the AWWs resided in rural areas and had a walk able distance of less than 1 kilometer from the center. Seventy five per cent of the AWWs of the present study had an experience of more than 20 years and had received refresher training 1-5 times and 19.17 per cent of the AWWs received refresher training 6-10 times. All the AWWs of the current study were habitual non-vegetarians. Frequency of use of cereals, other vegetables, fats and oils, nuts and oilseeds, and spices and condiments were daily in the dietaries while egg, meat and baked foods were less frequently used by the AWWs. On analyzing the energy balance of the AWWs it was found that 70 per cent of them were in positive energy balance. On analyzing the anthropometric data, it was found that more than fifty per cent of the AWWs had BMI and MUAC above normal and WHR of all the AWWs were above normal. Actual food intake of the AWWs assessed revealed that intake of food items like green leafy vegetables, milk and milk products as well as fruits were found to be below the RDA where as all the other food items were adequately met by the AWWs. With regard to nutrient intake carotene, iron and riboflavin were inadequate and the rest of the nutrients were adequately met when compared with RDA. Clinical examination of the AWWs revealed symptoms of mild forms of anaemia, dental caries, oedema and vision disorder. Fifty per cent of the AWWs surveyed had high blood pressure. Assessment of the biochemical parameter, haemoglobin level, indicated that 78.33 per cent of the AWWs were suffering from severe to mild forms of anaemia. With regard to morbidity pattern minor ailments like cold, headache, throat pain, cough and fever were reported among majority of the AWWs and it was also seen that 75 per cent of the AWWs had not availed any leave from work for the past six months. Nutritional status index of the AWWs ranged from –3.05 to 15.53 and medium nutritional status index was observed among 63.33 per cent of the AWWs and 18.33 per cent of the AWWs had high nutritional status index. Mean job performance scores of the AWWs ranged between 41.5 and 83.5. Of the 120 AWWs, 61.67 per cent had medium job performance scores and 18.33 per cent of the AWWs had high job performance scores. Self rating of job performance by the AWWs ranged between 21 to 57 .It was found from the study that 73.34 per cent of the AWWs rated themselves to have medium job performance and 13.33 per cent rated as having high job performance A positive and significant correlation was observed between nutritional status index with independent variables like family size, total family income, energy expenditure, energy balance and iron intake. A significant positive correlation was found between job characteristics like experience and number of refresher trainings attended with mean job performance scores as well as self-rating of job performance by AWWs. Dietary variables like calorie intake and iron intake were found to have significant positive correlation with mean job performance scores. A positive and significant correlation was seen between nutritional status index and the job performance rated by CDPOs and the self-rating by AWWs.Item Assessment of nutritional cognition of selected rural youth and the nutrition related practices of their families(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2004) Shiny, R L; Rajani, MThe study entitled “Assessment of nutritional cognition of selected rural youth and nutrition related practices of their families” was undertaken. The locale of the study was Neyyattinkara taluk of Thiruvananthapuram district. The objective of the study was to assess and compare the nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude of rural youth belonging to farm and non-farm families. The nutrition related practices of the families were also assessed. Equal number of the respondents from farm and non-farm families were drawn for the study comprised of 160 rural youth (80 male and 80 female) from two wards of the selected two panchayats. The dependent variables selected included nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude. The independent variables included socio-economic variables like caste, religion, family size, family type, family income, land size, household food production and type of house. A comprehensive analysis of socio-economic and personal characteristics along with nutrition knowledge and attitude of the selected rural youth were carried out using appropriate tools and methods. The socio-personal characteristics revealed that majority belonged to 18-20 years. Majority had education upto pre-degree level and belonged to first born category. Fifty per cent of the respondents, both from farm and non-farm families had no income of their own. The respondents got major source of information from television. Their social participation revealed that many of them were members of various organizations. The socio-economic status of the families found that majority belonged to Hindu forward caste hailed from nuclear families having monthly income between Rs. 5001-10,000. Non-farm families did not cultivate any crops in their possessed land. In the case of farm family at least one acre of land was possessed by each were cultivated major and minor crops. Their farm produce like paddy, vegetables and fruits were fully utilized by them. While analysing their overall nutrition knowledge scores it was found that majority of the respondents had medium level knowledge and the farm families possessed better knowledge than non-farm families. When the nutrition awareness of the respondents in selected areas of nutrition was studied it was found that many of the respondents had better knowledge in cooking methods without nutrient loss while only a small percentage had correct knowledge on nutrition deficiency disorders. The attitude level of the respondents was measured using specially designed attitude scale. It was revealed that majority possessed higher score in neutral level i.e., they had neither favourable nor unfavourable attitude. It was found that in the areas of importance of good nutrition, food habits and nutrition education higher per cent of the respondents showed neither favourable nor unfavourable attitude. Among the rural youth the females have a higher nutritional cognition when compared to their male counterparts. It is noted that the selected independent variable, age had a negative relationship with knowledge whereas other independent variables like caste, marital status and birth order had no relationship with knowledge and attitude of the respondents. Dietary habits of the respondents revealed that majority were non-vegetarians. Regarding nutrition related practices it was found that majority were good eaters and had possessed nibbling habits. Most of the respondents especially females skip one meal a day particularly breakfast. In the case of frequency of use of different foods it was found that rural youth consumed pulses, green leafy vegetables and meat in lesser quantity. While rating nutrition related practices of the families it was found that majority followed the practices in a moderate level and there is not much difference between farm and non-farm families. The interrelationship with nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude and practice revealed that there exists a significant positive relationship between nutrition knowledge and attitude but not with practice. Information source utilization of the youth had a positive relationship with nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude whereas it showed no relationship with the practices followed in their families. Overall assessment of nutrition cognition of rural youth was found to be unsatisfactory and clarity in the concepts of applied nutrition was lacking among the respondents studied. The results of the study emphasized the need for nutrition intervention programme specially targeted to rural youth.