1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Production and marketing of vegetables in Malappuram district(Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1982) Selvin Jebaraj Norman; Mukundan, KThe present investigation on the production and marketing of vegetables (pumpkin and ashgourd) in Malappuram district was undertaken during the year 1981-82 to estimate the cost of cultivation, cost of production, benefit-cost ratio, price spread and to identify the marketing channels. The study was also aimed at identifying the problems of the farmers. Stratified multistage random sampling was adopted for the study. Costs A1, CostsA2, Cost B and Cost C per hectare were Rs.3457.39, Rs.4439.65, Rs.4984.49 and Rs.7898.16 respectively for pumpkin and Rs.3075.75, Rs.4072.80, Rs. 4603.25 and Rs.7324.97 respectively for ashgourd. The largest single item of input was human labour for pumpkin and ashgourd. In both the cases in terms of costs of operation irrigation was the most important item. The output of pumpkin was 14227.61 kg per hectare and it was 17201.03 kg per hectare for ashgourd. At the prices at which farmers sold these products, gross value of output was Rs.9796.66 for pumpkin and Rs.11362.13 for ashgourd, respectively. Cost of production per kilogram of pumpkin based on Cost A1, Cost A2, Cost B and Cost C were Re.0.21. Re.0.31, Re.0.35 and Re.0.56 respectively. For ashgourd they were Re.0.17, Re.0.24, Re.0.27 and Re.0.43 in the same order. Benefit-cost ratios based on Cost A1, Cost A2, Cost B and Cost C were 2.83, 2.21, 1.97 and 1.24 for pumpkin and 3.69, 2.79, 2.47 and 1.55 for ashgourd respectively. Farm business income for pumpkin was Rs.6339.27 per hectare and for ashgourd it was Rs.8286.38. Owned farm business incomes were Rs.5367.01 and Rs.7289.33 for pumpkin and ashgourd respectively. Family labour income for the production of pumpkin and ashgourd were Rs.4812.17 and Rs.6758.88 respectively. Net income for pumpkin was Rs.1898.50 and for ashgourd Rs.4037.16. Farm investment income for pumpkin and ashgourd were Rs.2443.74 and Rs.4567.61 respectively. Return over variable cost of ashgourd were Rs.3566.01 and Rs.5696.73 respectively. The predominant marketing channel was producer- wholesaler- retailer- consumer. About 50 per cent of the consumers’ rupee went to the middlemen in the marketing of both of pumpkin and ashgourd and hence the price spread was high. It was also found that the profit margin of intermediaries were very high, indicative of marketing inefficiency.Item Indigenous practices in coconut farming in Thrissur district(Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1996) Manju, S P; Kumari, Sushama N PThe study was carried out in Thrissur district of Kerala on the indigenous practices followed in coconut cultivation. The study aimed at identifying the indigenous practices, analyzing the knowledge about, extent of adoption and evaluation perception of these practices in coconut farming. The respondents consisted of 120 farmer respondents selected from three panchayats of the district, 30 extension personnal and 30 research personnal from the district. Sample selection was carried out using multistage sampling procedure. The dependent variables of the study were, the knowledge about and the extent of adoption of selected indigenous practices by farmers which were quantified using measurement devices developed for the study. The independent variables included the personnal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of farmers. In total, 83 indigenous practices were identified out of which, ‘collection of seednuts in summer’ and ‘bringing down the nuts with the help of ropes or coir baskets’ were the most known practices, while, the least known was ‘crushed onion + salt application in basins’. ‘Green leaf manuring’ was the practice adopted by most of the farmers whereas, ‘wick irrigation using clay pot’ was the least adopted. Overall evaluate perception was medium for all the three categories of respondents. ‘Education’ was the single variable which showed a significant positive correlation with knowledge whereas, ‘exposure to information sources’ was the only one variable exhibiting a significant positive relationship with the extent of adoption of indigenous practices.