1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/1
Browse
18 results
Search Results
Item Immunodiagnosis of bovine gastrothylacosis using coproantigens(Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2000) Kandasamy, A; Devada, KA study was conducted on the prevalence of paramphistomatidosis in Thrissur from June 1999 to May 2000, feasibility of coproantigen detection by ELlSA and comparison of sensitivity of ELlSA using coproantigens and ELlSA using serum antibodies in diagnosis of gastrothylacosis, caused by Gastrothy/ax crumenifer, in cattle. It was noted from the registers maintained at the University Veterinary Hospitals at Kokkalai and Mannuthy and that at the Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, that out of a total number of 1534 faecal samples from bovines examined, 253 (16.5 per cent) animals were found to be positive for amphistome eggs with the maximum prevalence (23 per cent) in June and July. Generally the infection was prevalent throughout the year. An indirect ELlSA using rabbit hyperimmune serum against somatic antigens of G. crumenifer was performed to detect coproantigens in faecal samples collected from 100 known G. crumenifer infected cattle. Seventy four samples were found to contain detectable levels of coproantigen indicating a sensitivity of 74 per cent. Serum samples collected from the same infected cattle were tested for antibodies to G. crumenifer by an indirect ELlSA using somatic antigens. Fifty one samples were found positive for antibodies indicating a sensitivity of 51 per cent. It was seen that when 43 cattle were positive for both coproantigens and serum antibodies, 18 cattle were negative for both of them. Although 31 cattle which were negative for serum antibodies were found positive for coproantigens, eight cattle negative for coproantigens were found positive for serum antibodies. The results showed that coproantigen detection, which revealed a higher sensitivity than the detection of serum antibodies by ELlSA, is feasible for the diagnosis of gastrothylacosis in bovines.Item Studies on certain gastro-intestinal nematodes with special reference to those found in goats(Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1980) Sathianesan, V; Kalyansundaram, RItem Studies on the pathogenicity of tetrameres mohtedai and acuaria spiralis of fowl(Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1977) Ramaswamy, K; Sundaram, R KItem Studies on the common ticks affecting live-stock in Kerala(Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1980) Rajamohan, K; Kalyanasundaram, RItem Studies on the incidence , pathogenicity and control of gastro- intestinal nematodes In crossbred calves in Kerala with special reference to strongyloidosis(Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1980) Sukumara Pillai, G; Chandrasekharan, KThe non – descript and cross bred Calves of Kerala were infected with eight species of gastro – intestinal nematodes viz. Strongyloides papillosus, Neoascaris vitutorum, Cooperia sp., Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and Trichuris globulosa and of which Strongyloides papillosus was the commonest. Incidence of namatodes was more in cross bred calves (64.8 per cent) as compared to non – desctipt calves (51.52 per cent). Out of the cross bred calves, Jersey cross bred calves were found to more susceptible to nematodiasis. Nematodiasis was observed more during the rainy season of the State (June to August). Morphological features of adult worms and infective larvae were redescribed in detail. Strongyloides papillosus produced catarrhal enteritis and frequent diarrhoea in naturally infected cross bred calves. Thiophanate at 100 mg per kg body weight, Mebendazole at 15 mg per kg body weight, Levamisole at 15 mg per kg body weight., Thiabendazole at 100 mg per kg body weight, Tetramisole hydrochloride at 20 mg per kg body weight, Morantel tartrate at 15 mg per kg body weight and parbendazole at 45 mg per kg body weight exerted 100 per cent efficacy against Strongyloides papillosus, whereas, Fenbendazole at 5 mg per kg body weight showed only 83 to 100 per cent efficacy against Strongyloides papillosus, 78 to 100 per cent against ascariasis, 85 to 100 per cent against Strongylosis and 50 to 100 per cent against Trichuriasis.Item Pathogenicity of acuaria hamulosa to chicken(Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1980) Ganeswara Rao, Y; Kalyanasundaram, RControlled experiments were conducted with commonly occurring spirurid worm of chicken, Acuaria hamulosa, in two breeds of chicken, namely the White Leghorn (an egg strain) and the White Plymouth Rock (a broiler strain). The blood changes conducted revealed an initial leucocytosis from 14th day to 36th day, followed by heterophilia from 43rd day to 70th day post infection, and a mild eosinophilia throughout the experimental period. The infected White Plymouth Rock birds lost considerable amount of their body weight. In White Leghorn layers, there was great delay in sexual maturity and poor feed efficiency as indicated by reduced egg production. The percentage of establishment in the experiment was found to be not correlated to the infective dose. The pathological changes in the affected gizzards indicated an acute inflammation during the invasive phase of juveniles, followed by a chronic reaction, which by 60th day post infection was well established indicating the development of a host – parasite balances, towards the later stages of infection.Item Studies on lice infesting domestic animals and birds(Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1979) Mohan, M C; Sathianesan, VIn a study on the lice of animals and birds in and around Trichur and their control, cattle was found to be infested with Haematopinus, quadripertuous and linognathu vituli. Buffaloes with haematopinus tuberoulatus, goats with linognathus africanus and damalinia cappre dogs with heterodoxus longitatsus. Elephatnts with haematomyzus elephantis and poultry with Menacanthus stramineus menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas and Lipeurus caponis. Their incidence and intensity were maximum in winter and minimum in summer. Their morphology has been described in detail. For their control, Nuven, Malathion and sevin were tried and Nuven (0.05 percent) was found to be superior to the other two insecticides, with 100 percent efficacy.Item Investigation on certain aspects of coccidiosis of goats(Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1987) Lucy Jacob, K; Madhavan Pillai, KExamination of 786 faecal samples collected from goats of Kerala Agricultural University Goat Farm, Government Goat Farm, Kommeri and those brought to the Veterinary hospitals of Kerala Agricultural University revealed that the species of Eimeria had an overall prevalence of 63.23 per cent. Eight species of Eimeria could be encountered either as pure or mixed infection. The species recorded were E. arloingi. E. Christenseni. E. alijevi. E. Jolchilevi. E. ninakohlyakimovae. E. apsheronica, E. kocharli and E. caprina. The more common species were E. arloingi and E. christenseni. The occurrence of E. Caprina in goats in India is reported for the first time. Circumscribed greyish – white areas slightly raised above the mucous surface and clearly visible from the serosa were seen in the intestine of kids died of coccidiosis. These areas were found to be groups of hypertrophic villi and hyperplastic glandular epithelium containing gametocytic stages of Eimeria. Many villi were enlarged due to the presence of schizonts in the lacteals. Schizonts were also observed rarely in the submucosa. Small schizonts and gametocytic stages were seen in the epithelium of the villi and glands. The endogenous stages were present throughout the small intestine. The results of haematological studies of ten kids suffering from natural coccidiosis revealed a lesser value for haemoglobin content and erythrocyte count as compared to the normal values for goats. Packed cell volume, erythrocyte, leukocyte and differential counts did not show any significant difference from the normal values for goates. Amprolsol at the rate of 100 mg per kg body weight was found to be the most suitable drug for treatment of natural coccidiosis in goats giving an efficacy of 100 per cent. Sulmet at the rate of 30 ml per 23 kg body weight had an efficacy of 87.5 per cent while, Coxysol – AK at the rate of 40 mg per kg body weight and metronidazole at the rate of 20 mg per kg body weight were found unsatisfactory in the treatment of coccidiosis in goats.Item Biology, pathogenesis and control of syngamus trachea infection in chicken(Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1987) Devada, K; Sathianesan, VIn a study conducted for a period of one year on the biology, pathogenesis and control of Syngamus trachea infection in chicken, it has been found that the infection was more in very young birds below 1 to 2 months of age, reared under the free range system and during the monsoons. The egg cultures became infective on the seventh day of culturing. A dose of 3,000 infective eggs or larvae was found to be suitable for a successful establishment of infection in chicks. Experimental infection could be set up by the direct feeding of the infective eggs or larvae without the necessity of the intervention of any transport hosts like earthworms. A detailed study on the stage to stage development of the parasite was carried out. They established in the trachea by the eighth day and attained patency 18 to 22 days following infection. Gaping movements, nodular growths on the tracheal mucous membrane, haemorrhage and production of mucus in the trachea, consolidation and ecchymosis of the lungs were the chief clinicopathological symptoms observed. Anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole, thiabendazole, albendazole and ivermectin was assessed on the basis of the reduction of ova in the droppings, disappearance of worms from the trachea and gain in body weight of the treated birds. Mebendazole administered at 40 mg per kg body weight was found to be the most effective among the drugs tried closely followed by albendazole given at 15 mg per kg body weight and then thiabendazole at 500 mg per kg body weight. Ivermectin dosed at 200 micrograms per kg body weight subcutaneously was found to be the least effective. Assessment of the effect of irradiation at 5 KR on the development of S. trachea in chicken was attempted twice with no conclusive results.Item Studies on the flies producing cutaneous myiasis in domestic animals in Trichur(Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 1978) Subramanian, H; Raja Mohanan, KA detailed study on the incidence of cutaneous myiasis among domestic animals in Trichur, the morphology and biology of the causative flies and the efficacy of indigenous oils and chemicals as repellents against these flies were undertaken. Cutaneous myiasis was found common among domestic animals in Trichur during the months of October to May, the maximum number being, during January to March. The cases were observed in cattle, buffaloes, goats and dogs. The most common causative fly was Chrysomyia bezziana, but other flies such as Chrysomyia megacephala, Chrysomyia rufifacies and Lucilia cuprina were also observed. In cattle and buffaloes, the lesions were noted mostly in vulval lips and nasal septa where as in goats and dogs the cases were observed on the body skin. The flies of Chrysomyia megacephala, Chrysomyia rufifacies, Chrysomyia nigripes, Lucilia cuprina and Sarcophaga ruficornis were reared in the laboratory to study their morphology and biology. The larvae of Lucilia cuprina and Sarcophaga ruficornis were smooth. Chrysomyia bezziana, Chrysomyia megacephala and Chrysomyia nigripes were spiny and Chrysomyia rufifacies hairy. Chrysomyia rufifacies had the shortest life cycle period of 16 days and Sarcophaga ruficornis had the longest of 26 days. Lucilia cuprina could be reared in the laboratory for 71 days. The invitro development of the larvae, the development of the pupae and the process of fly emergence of Chrysomyia megacephala and Sarcophaga ruficornis were studied in detail. Among the fly repellents tested, lemongrass oil proved to be the best one in possessing fly repellent potentially followed by camphor in oil and Eucalyptus oil against blowflies and Sarcophaga species. Kerosine oil and Turpentine oil possessed the maximum larvicidal action on the larvae of Chrysomyia megacephala and Sarcophaga ruficornis. Turpentine oil and pine oil possessed excellent ovicidal action on Lucilia cuprina eggs even on smearing.