1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Experimently induced torsion of spleen and its treatment in canines(Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Mannuthy, 1988) Mohindar Sing Bhadwal; Jalaluddin, A MEighteen apparently healthy dogs of either sex, aged one to five years and weighing 10-15 kg were used for the study. All the dogs were dewormed and examined for the presence of blood parasites if any. They were housed separately in cages under identical conditions of feeding and management and kept under observation for 10 days before the experiments. The animals were divided into two groups as detailed below: Group A: Consisting of six animals numbered serially, viz. A(1), A(2), A(3), A(4), A(5) and A(6) and Group B: Consisting of 12 animals divided into two subgroups of six animals each and numbered serially, viz. B1(1), B1(2), B1(3), B1(4), B1(5) and B1(6) and B2(1), B2(2), B2(3), B2(4), B2(5) and B2(6). In the animals of group A, laparotomy was performed and torsion of the spleen was brought about. The observations made in this group served (i) to assess the clinic-pathological changes and (ii) to arrive at appropriate time for the commencement of treatment in group B. In the animals of group B, effectiveness of treatment, following experimently induced torsion of the spleen was studied. In the subgroup B1, detorsion of the spleen was done while in subgroup B2, splenectomy was performed. The animals became dull and recumbent by six hours after experimentally induced torsion of the spleen and remained recumbent till death. The mucous membrane was pale and the capillary refilling time was prolonged. A significant increase in the heart rate, band cell count and serum potassium and a significant decrease in blood pressure, central venous pressure, lymphocyte count and eosinophil count was observed by the ninth hour after torsion. It could be seen that the period from sixth to the ninth hour after torsion of the spleen would be critical and hence the appropriate time to commence the treatment was fixed at six hours after torsion. In group B, where effectiveness of the treatment was studied, only one animal survived after detorsion in subgroup B1 whereas all the animals survived after splenectomy in sub group B2. In subgroup B1, after detorsion most of the animals were recumbent, the extremities were cold and they did not take food and water, whereas in subgroup B2, after splenectomy all the animals were able to stand and they took food and water. The heart rate showed a decreasing trend in both the subgroups. Blood pressure showed a decrease at sixth hour followed by an increase in both the subgroups. Central venous pressure showed an increase at sixth hour followed by a decrease upto 18 hous and then an increase at 24 hours in subgroup B1, whereas in subgroup B2, it increased gradually. Packed cell volume and haemoglobin content decreased in both the subgroups. The serum potassium level remained high in both the subgroups.Item Epidural steroid therapy and ultrasound massage for the management of paraplegia in dogs(Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology,College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2008) Seena, K M; Sarada Amma, TThe study was conducted in fourteen clinical cases of paraplegic dogs with an objective to evaluate the effectiveness of epidural steroid therapy with and without ultrasound massage for the management of paraplegia in dogs. The dogs were randomly divided into two groups of seven animals each, Group I and II. Preliminary clinical, neurological and radiological examinations were conducted in all dogs. The dogs of Group I were subjected to epidural administration of methyl prednisolone acetate (2mg/kg body weight) initially and oral administration of prednisolone acetate in a tapering dosage for 15 days and that of Group II were subjected to ultrasound massage of the dorsal spinal region in addition to the steroid administration as in Group I. The incidence was more in Dachshunds. No sex predilection was observed. The maximum number of dogs was within the age range of four to six years. The etiology was unknown for most of the cases studied. The physiological parameters were within the normal range. Total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count indicated stress leukogram during the initial stage of the study period. Hb, PCV, serum calcium and phosphorous values were within the normal range. Alkaline phosphatase values showed an increase on second week and lowered to normal at the end of the study period. The neurological examination was effective for the localization of lesion and assessing the neurological recovery of dogs. Absence of deep pain sensation indicated poor prognosis for recovery. Evaluation of bladder function was very useful for assessing the neurological status of the dogs. A positive correlation was obtained in 78.5 per cent of survey radiographic findings with neurological examination. The survey radiography had 57.14 per cent accuracy for identifying multiple lesions and 21.42 per cent accuracy for single compressive lesions. The myelography was sufficient for identifying the site of compression and iohexol at the dose rate of 0.3ml/kg body weight (90mgI / kg body weight) provided good contrast for demarcation of the spinal cord. Neurological grading system based on the motor activity of the hind limbs and urinary bladder function was useful for evaluating the progressive neurological improvement in dogs during the course of study. The outcome of treatment was good in both groups studied. Epidural administration of methyl prednisone acetate followed by oral administration of prednisolone acetate was effective for the treatment of paraplegia in dogs due to intervertebral disc disease. But it was not effective for traumatic paraplegia in dogs with instability of the vertebral column. The therapeutic ultrasound massage enhanced the neurological recovery in paraplegic dogs.Item Viral diseases of vanilla(Vanilla planifolia Andrews) in Kerala(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2006) Abhilash Dinkar; Joseph, P JPreliminary survey conducted in Kottayam and Idukki districts of Kerala indicated the incidence of three virus diseases in vanilla and were categorized as those producing a) Symptom Type No.1 b) Symptom Type No.2 and c) Symptom Type No.3. The most widely occurring virus disease was the one which produced Symptom Type No.1, the characteristic symptoms of which were mosaic pattern on leaves up on which necrotic spots developed later with leaf crinkling, distortion, and leaf size reduction. The virus is named as Vanilla mosaic virus disease (VMVD). The disease was prevalent in the two districts surveyed. The mean per cent disease incidence varied from 6.683 to 8.205 during summer season. The mean disease index varied from 2.553 to 2.976 during summer season .The virus was not sap transmissible to vanilla test plants but was easily transmissible to Chenopodium amaranticolor, exhibiting chlorotic local lesions in which highest per cent transmission was obtained using 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer (pH7.2). The disease was not transmitted by insects such as Aphis gossypii, A. craccivora and Bemisia tabaci. Hundred per cent transmission was obtained when infected cuttings were used as planting material. The virus was found to be transmitted to vanilla test plants by wedge and approach grafting and budding even though perfect graft and bud union did not establish. The virus has a dilution end point between10-4 and10-5, thermal inactivation point between 60and 65oC and longevity in vitro at room temperature between 24 and 48 hours and under refrigerated conditions between 48 and 72 hours. The virus could be transmitted only to Nicotiana glutinosa systemically and to C.amaranticolor with local lesions. Drastic reduction in total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carbohydrate were observed in virus infected plant samples while total soluble protein and phenol content were greatly enhanced. Peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities were found to be increased in response to virus infection. SDS PAGE analysis revealed the presence of an additional major polypeptide band of 37 KDa in infected samples in addition to the identical bands. The virus was partially purified and antiserum was successfully produced with a titre between 1:500 and 1:1000. A rapid method of diagnosis of vanilla mosaic virus disease was developed employing microprecipitin and DAC- ELISA tests.