1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Pomology and Floriculture

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    Enhancement of propagation efficiency in exotic varities of heliconia
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2008) Reshmi, C R; Sheela, V L
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    Assessment of variability in annona spp.
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2016) Jyolsna, M; Devadas, V S
    Annona spp. is a group of underutilized fruit crops with tremendous potential. Among these, Annona reticulata, A. squamosa, and A. muricata are seen as a homestead crop in Kerala. Since Annona spp. is cross pollinated as well as a seed propagated fruit crop, there exists wide variability indicating scope for selection of promising types. In a purposive sample survey, 71 trees comprising of 30 trees of Annona reticulata, 16 trees of A. squamosa and 25 trees of A. muricata were identified from the homesteads of Ernakulam, Thrissur and Palakkad districts of Kerala. The accessions were notated as AR for A. reticulata, AS for A. squamosa and AM for A. muricata. They were further evaluated for their morphological, biochemical characters as well as for sensory evaluation. Tree characters, leaf characters, inflorescence characters, fruit characters and quality parameters were recorded as per IPGRI crop descriptor. Morphological characters such as tree, leaf, floral and fruit characters were distinct for the three species. Flowering and fruiting seasons exhibited wide variability among the three species irrespective of districts. In A. reticulata and A. muricata, flowering was from August to March and fruiting was from September to May. In A. squamosa, flowering was observed from January to June and fruiting was from February to August. Wide variability was observed in fruit characters and quality parameters of A. reticulata accessions. The fruit weight ranged from 110 g (AR 14) to 435 g (AR 9).TSS, titratable acidity, total sugar and antioxidant activity of the fruits ranged from 13.4 0Brix (AR 8) to 16.6 0Brix (AR 6), 0.16 to 0.29 per cent, 9.7 (AR 13) to 11.36 per cent (AR 26) and 1.26 mg (AR 7) to 2.86 mg (AR 6) of ascorbic acid per g of sample respectively.In A. squamosa, individual fruit weight varied from 81.5 g (AS 6) to 116.9 g (AS 16). The TSS, titratable acidity, total sugar and antioxidant activity of the fruits ranged from 18.23 0Brix (AS 3) to 19.9 0Brix (AS 7), 0.16 to 0.22 per cent, 11.26 (AS 3) to 12.78 per cent (AS 7) and 1.64 mg (AS 14) to 2.86 mg (AS 2 and AS 7) of ascorbic acid per g of the sample respectively. Fruit weight in A. muricata ranged from 410 g (AM 2) to 850 g (AM 18).TSS of the fruit samples varied from 12.2 0Brix (AM 16) to 14.9 0Brix (AM 19). The titratable acidity, total sugar and antioxidant activity ranged from 0.36 to 0.38 per cent, 7.72 (AM 23) to 9.57 per cent (AM 19) and 3.52 mg (AM 2) to 4.52 mg (AM 25) of ascorbic acid per g of sample respectively. The principal component analysis of accessions based on all quantitative observations separately for the three species revealed variability existing between them. The common and distinct characters of the species were fruit weight, number of flakes per fruit and shelf life. The principal component analysis for three species was performed separately to determine promising types based on the characters such as fruit weight, yield of fruits per tree, number of seeds per fruit, TSS, acidity, total sugar and antioxidant activity. The clustering of the three species done separately using score plot confirmed that the promising accession in A. reticulata is AR 2, in A. squamosa are AS 7 and AS 11 and in A. muricata is AM 8. In sensory evaluation, the accessions AR 21 and AR 3 of A. reticulata, AS 8 and AS 16 of A. squamosa and AM 19 and AM 12 of A. muricata were preferred by the panelist. The study revealed that the three different species of Annona had wide variability in terms of their growth, vegetative, flowering and fruit characters. Among the three species, with regard to fruit quality parameters, Annona squamosa wassuperior in TSS and total sugar whereas fruits of Annona muricata were superior with respect to antioxidant activity. Performance of the identified promising types is to be evaluated for another 3-4 years so as to ascertain the performance. There is also a scope for extending the studies to other districts so as to make an account of the total variability available and to select the most promising types in each species suited for Kerala condition.
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    Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of banana
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2003) Rajamanickam, C; Rajmohan, K
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    Morpho-anatomical and molecular charecterisation of dendrobium sw .cultivars
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2003) Padmanaba Pillai, N; Sabina George, T
    An investigation on morpho-anatomical and molecular characterization of Dendrobium varieties was conducted in the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1999-2001. Fifteen Dendrobium varieties of near flowering size plants were evaluated for thi'~ growth morpho-anatomical and molecular characterization and another nine Dendrobium varieties of three year old plants were evaluated for the morpho-anatomical characters. The fifteen Dendrobium varieties differed significantly for the growth parameters viz., rate of increase in shoot girth, increase of leaf area of the shoot, leaf area at completion of leaf unfurling, leaf area at inflorescence emergence, leaf area at first flower opening, days taken from inflorescence emergence to first flower opening and days taken from inflorescence emergence to full bloom. Significant varietal difference were observed among the fifteen varieties for shoot length, shoot girth, internodal length of shoots, number of nodes per shoot, length and width of leaves, basal internodal length of stalk, number of flowers, length and width of flowers, root thickness, cortex thickness, number of layers in velaman, leaf thickness, number of stomata in the adaxial and abaxial surface of leaf, petal thickness and thickness of pigmented layers. The nine Dendrobium varieties (three year old plants) evaluated separately showed significant difference for shoot length, shoot girth, internodal length of shoots, number of nodes per shoot, length and width of leaves, number of flowers, length and width of flowers, root thickness, number of layers in cortex and velaman, leaf thickness, number of stomata in adaxial and abaxial surface of leaf, petal thickness and thickness of pigmeted layers. High GCV and PCV were observed for petal thickness followed by number of flowers, while high heritability was observed for petal thickness and length and width of flowers. Petal thickness, number of stomata in the abaxial surface of leaves and number of flowers exhibit high heritability along with genetic advance. The shoot length showed significant positive genotypic correlation with shoot girth, number of nodes per shoot, number of laminate leaves per shoot. length and width of the leaves. The number of flowers showed positive correlation with length and width of flowers. High genotypic correlation was observed between the length of inflorescence and number of nodes per shoot as well as the width of leaves. Significant positive environment correlation was observed between shoot length and number of nodes per shoot, length of leaves, width of leaves. The genetic diversity among the fifteen Dendrobium varieties was studied using Mahalanobis 02 analysis. The fifteen varieties were grouped into three clusters. The qualitative characters of leaf and flowers were analysed for all the 24 Dendrobium varieties used in the investigation. Molecular characterization of fifteen Dendrobium varieties evaluated in the experiment I was carried out using RAPD technique. The ON A yield varied from 120 to 225 ng/ ml. The primers OPA-19, OPB-02, OPB-04 and OPB-I0 yielded good resolution bands out of 40 decamer primers tested. These primers amplify 44 RAPD markers of which 39 were polymorphic and five were monomorphic. The Similarity Coefficients value of the varieties ranged from 0.2667 to 0.8824. The genetic distance ranged from 0.1176 to 0.5806. The fifteen varieties got divided into six clusters on drawing a vertical line in the Dendrogram at a distance of 0425. A detailed descriptive blank of 24 Dendrobium varieties evaluated in the investigation was prepared.
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    Optimization of shade, nutrients and growth regulators for cut-flower production in anthurium
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1997) Salvy, B R; Valsalakumari, P K
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    Genetic diversity and canopy management in jack fruit (artocarpus heterophyllus lam.)
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Muthulakshmi, P; Lila Mathew, K
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    In vitro multiplication and genetic improvement of tuberose (polianthes tuberosa linn.)
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Anu Krishnan, G; Geetha, C K
    Investigations on in vitro propagation and genetic improvement of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa Linn.) were carried out in the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 1999-2002. The main objectives were to develop techniques for in vitro regeneration of commercial varieties of tuberose, viz., Single, Double, Shringar and Suvasini from different explant sources and attempt to create variability through mutation breeding for cormnercial exploitation. The scale stem sections from bulbs Were found to be the ideal explant for the enhanced release of axillary buds.Inflorescence segments containing immature flower buds were ideal for somatic organogenesis, whether direct or callus mediated. The best sterilization treatment was treating with Bavistin 0.1 per cent for 30 minutes, followed by ethyl alcohol 50 per cent for 3 minutes and mercuric chloride 0.10 per cent for 30 minutes for scale stem sections. For inflorescence segments treatment with 0.10 per cent mercuric chloride for 10 minutes alone was enough. Early release of buds and further growth of buds were better in MS medium supplemented with BAP 6.0 mg r' + KIN 4.0 mg r', in all the varieties. On subculturing elongated buds onto the same medium, high rate of multiple axillary bud production was observed. The rate of axillary bud production and callusing were low with BAP in combination with NAA. Elongation of multiple -axillary buds was obtained in half strength MS medium devoid of growth regulators. The elongated shoots produced maximum number of roots in MS medium supplemented with IBA 4.0 mg r' + 0.2 per cent activated charcoal. Plantlet survival was maximum when the cultures were left in the culture vessels till the media dried out partially and planted out in disposable cups containing cocopeat under mist chamber. Field performance of plants derived from tissue culture was comparable with the plants produced by conventional methods. Direct organogenesis could be obtained from immature inflorescence segments in MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.2 + BAP 2.0 + KIN 1.0 to 3.0 I -I mg . Among the various explants tried for callus mediated organogenesis, the inflorescence segments containing immature flower buds were the most ideal for callus initiation, growth and differentiation. Callus index was maximum when inoculated into the modified MS medium supplemented with NAA 15.0 to 20.0 mg r' + adenine sulphate 10.0 mg r'. The callus differentiated into shoots in MS medium supplemented with BAP in combination with KIN. Mutation breeding has been attempted to induce variability via. in vitro mutagenesis and in vivo methods. For in vitro mutagenesis, safest dose of irradiation at culture establishment stage, shoot proliferation stage and callusing stage were 15 Gy, " 15 Gy and 10 Gy, respectively. Some variations noticed in the plantlets reverted to normal behaviour after planting out. Considering the efficacy of different doses of mutagens in creating variability through in vivo methods, gamma rays at 15 Gy and 20 Gy as well as EMS at 1.0 and 2.0 per cent, were most effective. Morphological variants like chlorophyll mutants, branched flower stalk mutants compact inflorescence mutants and non flowering mutants were observed at different levels of mutagens. Based on growth parameters and floral characters, mne mutants were isolated, viz., dwarf mutants, high tiller mutants, non tillering mutants, compact inflorescence mutants, tall mutants, long leaf mutants, broad leaf mutants, large flower mutants and large inflorescence mutants. They retained the characters in V:rxh generation also and were evaluated for genetic parameters. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic gain were noticed for number of flowers per spike, spike length, flower diameter, leaf length and leaf width which indicate that the observed variability is heritable and that there IS considerable scope for genetic improvement with respect to these traits. Comparisons made between parents and mutants based on Isozyme analysis revealed differences in banding pattern. The banding pattern of esterase, peroxidase and catalase were different in mutants and their parents.
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    Improvement of anthurium andreanum lind by in vivo and in vitro methods172076
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Leena Ravidas; Valsala Kumari, P K
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    Standardisation of propagation techniques in schefflera
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1997) Sunitha Anne Mathew; Murali, T P
    The study was carried out at the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, Vellanikkara and Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy from March 1994 to February 1996 to standardise the propagation techniques in schefflera arboricola). Schefflera, a member of the botanical family, Araliaceae is valued for its ornamental foliage. Not much information is available in the literature on agro techniques for the commercialization of this important foliage plant. Hence, the present study “Standardisation of propagation techniques in schefflera” has great relevance. In both ‘green’ and ‘variegated’ type of schefflera, double noded cuttings performed better than single noded cuttings. The number and quality of roots produced were improved with growth regulator treatments and the prolonged dip method was found to be the best in both ‘green’ and ‘variegated’ type of schefflera. The best growth regulator and its optimum concentration for rooting of cuttings in ‘variegated’ type was IBA at 200 mg 1-1 whereas in ‘green’ type, NAA at 50 mg 1-1 was found to be an effective treatment. Percentage success in rooting of cuttings depended on the growth regulator employed. In ‘variegated’ type of schefflera the percentage success obtained in rooting of double noded and single noded cuttings could be improved with IBA treatment and in ‘green’ type, NAA treatment was found to be beneficial. In layering also growth regulator treatment was found to be beneficial. In ‘variegated’ type NAA at 50 mg 1-1 produced maximum rooting whereas in ‘green’ type NAA at 200 mg 1-1 produced longer and stouter roots. The media used and the method of wounding adopted in layering were found to have significant influence on rooting behaviour. Girdling was found to be more effective compared to slanting slit method. The best media were sphagnum moss and sawdust in ‘variegated’ type whereas in ‘green’ type, sawdust was the best medium. Percentage success in rooting of layers depended on the growth regulator, media and type of wounding method employed. The percentage success obtained in rooting of layers (‘variegated’ and ‘green’) could be improved with an NAA treatment, using sawdust as the medium and girdling as the wounding method. A comparison of the methods of propagation revealed that in schefflera cuttings could be adopted as reliable and successful propagation method to produce large number of plants in a short time from limited amount of planting materials. In micropropagation, callus was formed from immature and young leaves and the callus production was good with 2, 4-D at 1-2 mg 1-1 and NAA at 10-12 mg 1-1 but the calli did not respond to caulogenesis. In direct organogenesis, axillary bud break from nodal explants was noticed in MS medium with BAP at 0.5 mg 1-1 and the shoot growth was the best with BAP at 5 mg 1-1. The in vitro developed shoots were rooted in the medium supplemented with NAA at 3 mg 1-1 IBA at 0.3 mg 1-1. Further studies are needed to standardise a complete protocol for micropropagation of S. arboricola.
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    Developing technology for production of dry flowers
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Priyesh, S; Geetha, C K