1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Rain water harvesting

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    Development of a filter system for roof water harvesting
    (Department of Land and Water Resources and Conservation Engineering, Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Tavanur, 2014) Shijila Erikottil; Sathian, K K
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    Multiple cropping and microsite enrichment in vetiver (Chrysopogon Zizanioides (L) Nash
    (Department of agronomy, College of agriculture, Padannakkad, 2013) Anusha, A N; Anilkumar, A S
    Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides) is the only grass extensively cultivated specifically for its root essential oil, a complex mixture of sesquiterpene alcohols and hydrocarbons. The World Bank has promoted the Vetiver System (VS) since the 1980s for various applications. However, cost effective techniques for increasing root production in the humid tropics are lacking. Two separate experiments were conducted at the Instructional Farm attached to the College of Agriculture, Padannakkad during 201 1-13. PART A. Bio inoculants for Quality Planting Material Production The trial was conducted for three months to study the effect of single, dual and combined application of microbial inoculants on quality planting material production in vetiver. The ten treatments of the trial laid out in CRD were B .-Single inoculation with Azospirillum, B2-Single inoculation with PSB, Bj-Single inoculation with AMF, Ba-Single inoculation with Fluorescent Pseudomonads (FP), Bj-Dual inoculation with Azospirillum and PSB, Bx-Dual inoculation with Azospirillum and AMF, Be-Dual inoculation with Azospirillum and FP, B8- Combined inoculation with Azospirillum, PSB and AMF, Be-Combined inoculation with Azospirillum, PSB, AMF and FP and BlO-Control (No inoculation). Single, dual and combined inoculation of bioinoculants influenced sapling growth and vigour in different ways. In general, PSB favourably and significantly influenced sapling height, root number, root spread, shoot weight, root weight, total biomass accumulation, relative leaf water content, sturdiness quotient and sapling growth potential. Significant and positive influence of dual inoculation with Azospirillum and fluorescent pseudomonas was evident on length of root, root growth potential and Azospirillum population. Part B: Multiple cropping and micro site enrichment techniques for row zone and inter-row zone management The objective of this experiment was to develop eco-friendly techniques to achieve higher root and oil production in vetiver with special reference to climate change mitigation. The field experiment in factorial RBD with 12+2 treatment combinations was conducted for one year. The treatments consisted of combinations of four row zone management practices namely TI (in situ composting in trenches), T2 (in situ composting in trenches + stubble mulching), T3 (in situ composting in trenches+ stubble mulching + summer irrigation at 40 mm CPE), T4 (in situ composting in trenches+ stubble mulching + summer irrigation at 80 mm CPE); and three inter row zone management practices namely BI (multiple cropping), B2 (double cropping), B3 (Mono cropping), besides two control treatments namely SI sole cropping - Normal row planting and S2 : sole cropping - Paired row planting. The effect of row zone and inter row zone management practices and their interactions were inconsistent in significantly influencing various morphological characters and root parameters of vetiver during different stages of its growth. However, positive and significant influence of row zone and inter row zone management practices and their interactions benefitted vetiver in improving root , production and productivity besides, improvement in oil yield. Integration of in situ composting in trenches + stubble mulching; and multiple cropping was effective in enhancing total plant uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Seasonal consumptive use, mean daily consumptive use and crop coefficient were not at all influenced by row zone and inter row zone management practices and their interactions. The highest crop water use efficiency, field water use efficiency, higher gross income, net income, and BCR were recorded consequent to integration of in situ composting in trenches + stubble mulching + summer irrigation at 80 mm CPE; and multiple cropping.
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    In situ rain water harvest, conservation and utilisation for establishment and early growth of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.)
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2005) Beena, J S; Anilkumar, A S
    Caesalpinia sappan popularly is a leguminous perennial crop grown for its valuable timber, which exhibits medicinal properties. Though the crop is sensitive to dry spells during its initial phase of establishment, it is preferred for planting as a neglected crop in marginal lands. Hence, development of sustainable rain water harvesting and conservation measures are necessary to prolong the availability of conserved moisture. The experiment entitled, ‘In situ rain water harvest, conservation and utilization for establishment and early growth of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.)’ was conducted in split plot design at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2004–05 to find out the comparative efficacy of vertical mulching, micro site enrichment, micro catchments and traditional methods of rain water harvest and conservation. The treatments consisted of combinations of twelve main plot treatments, viz., vertical mulching with coconut husk in circular trenches (M1), vertical mulching with enriched coir pith vermicompost in circular trenches (M2), vertical mulching with layering mixture in circular trenches (M3), vertical mulching with coconut husk in polythene lined circular trenches (M4), vertical mulching with enriched coir pith vermicompost in polythene lined circular trenches (M5), vertical mulching with layering mixture in polythene lined circular trenches (M6), micro site enrichment and mulching with polythene (M7), micro site enrichment and mulching with coconut husk (M8), micro catchments and mulching with coconut husk (M9), micro catchments and mulching with coir geo-textiles (M10), pitcher irrigation (M11) and drip irrigation (M12); and two sub plot treatments, viz., irrigation at 50 per cent depletion of soil moisture (S1) and life saving irrigation (S2). The treatments, (M6) followed by M7 resulted in luxuriant growth. Growth characters viz., plant height, leaf number, collar girth, number of branches, bole height, canopy height, canopy width and canopy size and root characters, viz., root length, root spread, root weight, root volume and root surface area were found to improve significantly due to the treatment effects. Sturdiness quotient and root growth potential also indicated the superiority of the treatments in the developmental physiology of the crop. Irrigation at 50 per cent depletion of soil moisture improved all the growth characters compared to life saving irrigation. M6S1 recorded the maximum stem dry matter production (SDMP) followed by M7S1, M8S1, M2S1, M6S2, M3S1 and M7S2. The reduction in SDMP in treatment combinations, viz., M6S2 and M7S2 were 45 and 37 per cent respectively when summer irrigation was avoided and moisture supply was restricted through life saving irrigation alone. The treatment combinations, M6S1 and M7S1 were found beneficial for improving crop growth potential as well. Among the various treatment combinations, crop growth potential was higher when life saving irrigation was integrated with either vertical mulching with layering mixture or microsite enrichment and mulching with polythene. Seed production potential of sappan wood was found to be influenced by the interaction effects and M6S2 and M7S2 were significant in influencing seed production. M6S2 and M7S2 increased the osmotic potential to the tune of 74.18 and 71.3 per cent respectively when compared to M12S2. The seasonal Cu, mean daily Cu and crop coefficient for M6S2 and M7S2 were found to be lower when compared to M6S1, M7S1 and other treatment combinations receiving summer irrigation at 50 per cent depletion of soil moisture. Vertical mulching with layering mixture in polythene lined circular trenches and providing life saving irrigation once in three weeks with thirty three litres of water or micro site enrichment and mulching with polythene and providing life saving irrigation once in four weeks with thirty three litres of water is found beneficial for establishment and early growth of sappan wood. The economic analysis of the system also proved the superiority of the above two treatment combinations.