1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Midstorage seed invigoration to enhance seed viability and longevity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture , Vellanikkara, 2024-05-24) Monicasri, A.; Vidhu Francis PalathingalThe present investigation entitled storage seed invigoration to enhance seed viability and longevity in Rice (Oryza sativa L was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS) Pattambi, Kerala. The study aimed to assess the effect of seed treatments on seed quality parameters and seed microflora of paddy seeds variety Jyothi under ambient condition and low temperature condition during the storage period. This study consisted of two experiments: Effect of mid storage correction in paddy seeds stored under ambient conditions was studied in the first experiment. It was evaluated by using a Completely Randomized design (CRD) with ten treatments including control with three replications. Six and eight months old of Jyothi variety were subjected to the treatments including Control, T2: Hydration - dehydration treatment, T3: Ascorbic acid, T4: Calcium chloride, T5: Albizzia leaf powder, T6: Neem cake, T7: Neem leaf powder, T8: Neem oil, T9: Red chilli powder and T10: Vayambu leaf powder. Seeds packed in gunny bags were stored under ambient conditions. Observations were recorded on seed quality parameters, seedling parameters and seed microflora. The results revealed that the performance of treated seeds including viability and vigour were better compared to the control. A significant effect was observed in seeds treated with neem oil, hydration dehydration and red chilli powder irrespective of the age of the seeds. Neem oil treatment recorded better germination per cent (93.25%), seed vigour index (2694), less moisture content (10.76%), dehydrogenase activity (0.792 OD value), -amylase activity (2.56 mg maltose/min), protease activity (2.43 OD Value), plant height (78.40cm), number of tillers (11.66) and less seed microflora infection per cent (8.00%). Hydration dehydration treatment recorded better performance in shoot length (11.24cm), root length (17.55cm), seedling dry weight (0.19g), seed vigour index (2684), electrical conductivity (0.637 dSm-1), mean germination time (4.07 days), time taken for 50% germination (3.5days) and number of tillers (11.33). Effect of mid storage correction in paddy stored under low temperature condition (4-5 °C) was evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replications in the second experiment. Six, eight and ten-month-old seeds were used. Seed treatments, sample size and packaging of seeds were as in the experiment I. The treated seeds were then stored under low-temperature condition (4-5°C). Observations were recorded on seed quality parameters, seedling quality parameters and seed microflora during storage. It was observed that seed treatments and lowtemperature condition helped to improve the seed quality compared to control. Under low temperature conditions the ten-month-old treated seeds found to have extended viability and vigour over control. A significant effect was observed in seeds treated with Neem oil, hydration dehydration treatment and red chilli powder irrespective of the age of seeds. Neem oil treatment recorded better germination per cent (94.75%), seed vigour index (2739), less moisture content (10.76%), dehydrogenase activity (0.789 OD value), -amylase activity (2.58 mg maltose/min), protease activity (2.44 OD Value), plant height (78.66cm), number. of tillers (11.66) and less seed microflora infection per cent (8.00%). Hydration dehydration treatment recorded better performance in seedling shoot length (11.29cm), seedling root length (11.60cm), seedling dry weight (0.25g), seed vigour indices (2730), electrical conductivity (0.582 dSm-1), mean germination time (4.01 days), time taken for 50% germination (2.77 days) and number of tillers (11.33). Among all the treatments seeds treated with neem oil, hydration and dehydration and red chilli powder had given better performance compared to control in improvement in seed quality parameters. Low storage condition extended the storability of the seed in terms of quality parameters to two additional months compared to ambient condition.Item Seed invigoration with nanoscale particles in chilli (Capsicum annum L.)(Department of seed science and technology, college of agriculture, Vellanikkara, 2023-09-07) Adarsh, P V; Dijee, BastianItem Impact of pre-storage seed invigoration in ash gourd (benincasa hispida (thunb.) cogn.)(Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2018) Athmaja, S; Rose Mary FranciesA study to elucidate the effect of seed invigoration on viability and quality of seeds in ash gourd variety KAU Local was conducted at College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, during 2016-2018. The impact of seed invigoration on seed viability and seed quality parameters under ambient (S1) and refrigerated storage (S2) was assessed following a completely randomized design with seven invigoration treatments (I1 to I7) and three replications. Seeds were separately invigorated using CaCl2 (50 m M) for 12h (I1), CaCl2 (50 mM) for 24h (I2), kinetin (10 ppm) for 12h (I3), kinetin (10 ppm) for 24h (I4), KH2PO4 (10-1 M) for 24h (I5), Pseudomonas fluorescens (1x106 cfu.ml-1) for 12h (I6). Untreated seeds (I7) served as control. Both treated and untreated seeds were dried to < 8 per cent moisture content and packed in polythene bags (700 gauge). The seed quality parameters were recorded immediately after treatment and subsequently at monthly intervals for a period of 10 months, while, germination of stored seeds was assessed up to 14 months after storage (MAS). At bimonthly intervals, quantification of lipid peroxidation, sugar and amino acids leached out from the seeds and the seed micro flora infection was also done. Seed quality during storage and seed longevity were found to be significantly influenced by storage environment, invigoration treatment and their interaction throughout the storage period. The results revealed that germination and other seed quality parameters such as germination index, coefficient of velocity of germination, energy of germination, vigour indices I and II, in both treated and untreated seeds decreased progressively over the storage period. However, there was an increase in mean time to germination, time taken for 50 per cent germination, allometric index, electrical conductivity of seed leachate, seed infection per cent, leachate of sugar, amino acid and lipid peroxidation, towards the end of storage period. Germination of seeds stored under the refrigerated storage was lower than that under ambient storage in the initial storage period (upto 3 MAS). Henceforth, refrigerated seeds exhibited significant superior germination than that under ambient storage till the end of storage period (14 MAS). Germination of seeds under refrigeration was retained above 60 per cent (the minimum seed certification standards required for ash gourd) for 13 MAS compared to 5 MAS in ambient stored seeds. The study thus revealed that irrespective of seed invigoration treatments, to prolong seed longevity and maintain seed quality, storing seeds under refrigeration is advantageous over ambient storage. Irrespective of storage environment, priming induced early germination. The seed quality parameters of the invigorated seeds before storage were found to be superior to untreated seeds. The invigorated seeds had also exhibited a germination per cent above 80 at 1 MAS, while, the germination in untreated control (I7) during the corresponding period was below the MSCS. Seeds invigoration with calcium chloride for 12h (I1) and 24h (I2) recorded significantly high germination and other seed quality parameters during the storage period of ten months. Owing to the significant superiority of seeds invigorated with I1 (CaCl2 50mM 12h) and I2 (CaCl2 50mM 24h) with respect to germination in the initial period of storage (up to 4 MAS), superior seed qualities during storage as well as retention of germination above MSCS for 8 MAS, seed invigoration with CaCl2 50mM before storage can be advocated to help retain seed qualities and prolonging seed longevity during storage. The interaction between storage condition and invigoration treatment on germination and other seed indices pointed out that it was most advantageous to treat seeds with CaCl2 50mM for 12h (I1) before storing under ambient conditions. If provision for refrigerated storage is available, bio-priming with Pf 1x10-6 cfu.ml-1 for 12h (S2I6) or priming with CaCl2 50mM for 24h (I2), kinetin 10 ppm for 12h (I3) or kinetin 10 ppm for 24h (I4) or KH2PO4 10-1 M for 24h (I5) would be most advantageous. Analysis of the impact of pre-storage seed invigoration treatment on seed longevity subsequent to retrieval of seeds from refrigerated storage revealed that, irrespective of the storage period under refrigeration, the seeds were found to retain viability above MSCS for a minimum period of one month after retrieval from refrigerated storage. Viability retention of invigorated and untreated seeds during further periods of thawing was unpredictable. It was also evident that none of the treatments could help retain seed viability above MSCS for five months after retrieval from refrigeration. Results also revealed that seed invigoration with CaCl2 50mM 12h (I1) is advantageous, if one or two months of ambient storage after retrieval from cold storage is unavoidable. Hence, considering the impact of storage environment, invigoration treatment and their interaction on seed longevity and quality, as well as their influence on seed longevity during thawing, it can be summarised that seed invigoration with CaCl2 50mM for 12h (I1) or 24h (I2) would be beneficial.Item Seed invigoration studies in ash guard (Benincasa hispida Thunb.)(Department Of Olericulture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2005) Jyothilakshmi Unnikrishnan; Mini, C"Seed invigoration studies in ash gourd (Benincasa hispida Thunb.)"was carried out at Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during 2002-2004. The study was conducted to find out the effect of invigoration to break seed dormancy in ash gourd, to find out the storage potential of invigorated seeds and to compare the field performance of invigorated seeds with certain traditional farmers' practices. Among the different invigoration treatments tried, growth regulators were found to be effective in breaking dormancy of fresh ash gourd seed and to improve vigour GA3 was effective at 25, 50 and 100 ppm and NAA at 25 and 50 ppm. Acid treatment or water soaking did not have any effect in breaking dormancy, thus indicating the inefficiency of scarification. Seed dormancy in ash gourd is found to be endogenous in nature which is due to certain chemical blocks, caused either by the presence of growth inhibiting factors or due to deficiency of some essential compounds. Seed invigoration was not effective in breaking dormancy of fresh seeds. But fresh seeds can be given an after ripening for a period of two months and invigorated with growth regulators for increased vigour. Though there was a gradual reduction in quality parameters like germination percentage, speed of germination and vigour index. Invigorated seeds can be safely stored for a period upto five months indicating that invigorated seeds can be directly supplied to farmers for immediate use. The practice of using seeds from previous rainy season crop was found to give superior field performance during next summer. Storing the harvested fruits as such and extracting seeds at the time of sowing gives better vegetable yield, where as storing the extracted seeds till next summer gave better fruit yield for seed purpose and seed yield. Among the growth regulators seeds invigorated with NAA 50 ppm gave increased vegetable yield and GA3 50 ppm gave increased seed yield. KN03 was not effective in breaking dormancy, improving vigour or giving improved field performance in ash gourd. Using seeds of previous summer crop for next summer is found to give inferior field performance and seed quality.