1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Potassium utilization efficiency and seasonal response in photosynthates partitioning of high yielding sweet potato varieties(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture ,Vellanikkara, 2023-05-19) Jeena Mary; Prameela, PItem Response of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] to secondary nutrients(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2020) Nengparmoi, TH; Prameela, PItem Morphological and molecular analysis for assessing intraspecific variation in sweet potato (Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam.) and interspecific divergence in Ipomoea spp.(Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2020) Sasilekha, S; Shirly Raichal AnilItem Genetic studies in sweet potato (ipomoea batatas(l.)lam.) a biometric approach(Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1979) Joseph, C A; Mary George, KItem Developing baked and confectionery products based on sweet potato(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1999) Elizabeth Augustine; Chellammal, SA study on ‘Developing baked and confectionery products based on sweet potato' was conducted with major objective to develop value added baked and confectionery products based on sweet potato flour. The study comprised of standardisation of raw materials, product development, assessing nutritional significance, organoleptic quality studies, preference tests and shelf life studies. The five baked and five confectionery products was formulated with sweet potato flour as the basic ingredient. Three combinations were tried with different proportions of sweet potato flour. The other ingredients added to sweet potato flour were maida, egg, sugar, ghee and skimmed milk powder. The selection of best combination was based on amino acid scores chemical scores and cost benefit ratio. A combination with 50 per cent sweet potato flour and 50 per cent maida was selected as the ideal combination, since it secured higher amino acid score and chemical score. The cost of the combination was also found to be satisfactory. The nutritional composition of the food product revealed that the product contained all the nutrients in optimum quantity. The nutritional quality of the developed food products after processing with reference to calories, proteins, β carotene, calcium, phosphorous and zinc were determined through suitable laboratory techniques. ISI type tests specified to such products were administered to the developed foods and the values were comparable with ISI specification. Organoleptic studies of the developed food products was assessed by two groups of consumers viz., college students and technical experts. The parameters tested were appearance, colour, flavour, texture and taste. The analysis revealed that both the baked and confectionery products got highest scores. Baked products had a slightly higher mean score, compared to confectionary products. In the preference tests of the developed products conducted among farm women of Venganoor, Srikariyam and Kaliyoor panchayath and entrepreneurs in Thiruvananthapuram city were also showed the same result. Moisture and insect infestation were-lower in flour stored in glass and plastic containers. Effect of storage on moisture and over all acceptability were revealed that there was an increase in moisture content during the fourth week of storage period. There was an increase in moisture during storage and the difference was statistically significant. The overall acceptability was found to be decreased after storage. There was no insect infestation in the developed products during the storage period. The assessment of microbiological quality revealed that all the products were attacked by different types of microorganisms. The result of the present study suggest that new methods of processing could be introduced to add value to the crop and it is possible to develop different types of processed products based on sweet potato products which may result in increased consumption of tuber in the future and also for building up a healthy rural population.Item Genic manipulations in sweet potato adopting induced mutations(Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 1989) Suma Bai, D I; Krishnan Nair, NAn experiment was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1987-1989 for genetic manipulations in sweet potato through gamma ray induced mutagenesis for increased variability and to isolate out genotypes having wider adaptability and better performance. Stem cuttings of 8 to 10 cm length bearing two nodes each, taken from fifteen sweet potato varieties were used for radiosensitivity analysis. Gamma irradiation was done by a 60 Co gamma cell unit installed in the Radio Tracer Laboratory of Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur. The material was subjected to exposure of 2-10 kR at intervals of 2 kR. The chosen dose rate was 0.162 MR/h. The direct effect of doses on the material was assessed on the basis of days to start sprouting, days to complete sprouting, sprouting percentage, vine length, branch and tuber number and weight of tubers per vine. The exposures above 4 kR caused lethality in the majority of the varieties and hence comparative analysis for ratiosensitivity was assessed at the 2 kR level. The gamma ray exposed population started sprouting late. The days taken for completion of sprouting were also more in all the varieties. Gamma rays, in addition, reduced the sprouting percentage. The percentage lethality varied depending on variety. The vine length and number of branches per vine also varied from variety to variety. They were found to be comparatively less in treated population. The tuber number and weight of tubers per vine were found to be significantly increased by gamma irradiation at 2 kR. Based on the above observations the fifteen varieties were classified into three, viz. low, medium and high radiation sensitive categories. Induced mutagenesis was done in continuation with the radiosensitivity analysis using three varieties, each selected from the low, medium and high radiation tolerant groups. The planting materials selected for gamma irradiation included fresh cuttings, rooted cuttings and rooted tubers which were exposed to radiation at a range of 500 – 2500 r, at 500 r intervals. The dose rate was 0.162 MR/h. The irradiated materials along with the control were planted on the subsequent day. In vM1 generation the direct effect of gamma rays was assessed based on days taken to start sprouting, days taken to complete sprouting, sprouting percentage, lethality on the 30th day of planting and at harvest, vine length, branch number per vine, fresh weight of vine, tuber number per vine, weight, length, girth and volume of tuber and tuber yield per vine. From vM1 plants 3-4 noded cuttings were taken from the basal, middle and top portions for raising vM2 generation. VM3 and vM4 generations were also raised in the same manner. In vM2, vM3 and vM4 generations the yield parameters were analysed in detail. Classification of the phenotypes and frequency analysis were also done. The salient findings of the experiment are the following: There was a delay in sprount initiation and for completion of sprouting caused by gamma ray exposure. A decrease in sprouting percentage and an increase in lethality were noticed under higher levels of exposures. Similarly a reduction in vine length and branch number per vine were found at higher exposures. The fresh weight of vine was reduced and the tuber number increased at higher exposures. There was an increase in mean tuber weight, length, girth, volume and tuber yield per vine at higher exposures. All the exposures and the different modes of treatment induced phenotypic variants both in negative and positive directions. Positive variants were in higher frequency in later generations. Irradiation of rooted cuttings was found to be more economical or beneficial compared to fresh cuttings and rooted tubers. The study enabled to isolate out two promising types, one each from S5 and Bhadrakalichuvala. These mutants outyielded the control and are being multiplied by vine cuttings for farm trials in different agroecological milieus of the State.Item Characterization, host range and management of sweet potato feathery mottle virus(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2001) Jeeva, M L; Balakrishnan, SItem Vermicompost as a potential organic source and partial substitute for inorganic fertilizers in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1998) Suresh Kumar, S N; Ushakumari, KAn investigation entitled "Verrnicompost as a potential organic source and partial substitute for inorganic fertilizers in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatus (L) Lam)" was carried out at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period December 1995 to April 1996. The main objectives of the study were to study the efficiency of vermicompost as an organic manure, the extent to which inorganic fertilizers can be substituted when vermicompost was used as an organic source and the feasibility of reducing the dose of vermicompost. The experiment was laid out III randomised block design with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments consists of package of practices recommendations of Kerala Agricultural University for sweet potato (cattle manure + inorganic fertilizers) and vermicompost as organic source with graded doses of inorganic fertilizers. The growth parameters like vine length and number of branches did not show any significant variation. However highest vine length and number of branches are noticed in treatment which received vermicompost as a sole source of nutrient. Significant difference was observed in vine yield and highest vine yield was obtained when vermicompost was given as a sole source of nutrients. Yield attributing characters like length and girth of tubers and number of tubers did not show any significant variation. With respect to mean tuber weight and tuber bulking rate, the treatment differed significantly and maximum effect was observed when vermicompost was applied along with half the recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers. Significant treatment effect could be observed in total tuber yield and marketable tuber yield. Vermicornpost with half or 3/4th NPK produced highest yield. From this it could be deduced that by using vermicompost as organic manure in sweet potato, it is possible to bring down the usage of chemical fertilizers. Half or 3/4th dose of vermicompost along with recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers was equally effective as that of package of practices recommendations of Kerala Agricultural University (cattle manure + recommended inorganic fertilizers) in yield and yield attributes of sweet potato. The nitrogen and phosphorus content in the leaves and vmes did not show any significant difference by applying various treatments. But in tubers the nitrogen content was maximum when 1/2 inorganic fertilizers + organic manure as vermicompost was applied. The phosphorus accumulation in tuber was maximum in the combination of full inorganic fertilizers + organic manure as cattle manure was given. The treatment combination of full inorganic fertilizers + organic manure as vermicompost resulted m maximum accumulation of phosphorus in leaves, vines and tubers. Regarding calcium, magnesium and iron contents of leaves, vines and tubers there was no significant difference among various treatments. The application of full inorganic fertilizers + organic manure as vermicompost produced maximum manganese concentration in leaf and tuber. The starch content of tubers showed a decreasing trend with the reduction in the quantity of inorganic fertilizers. But by reducing inorganic fertilizer levels, the reducing sugar percentage increased. The crude protein, crude fibre and carotene contents showed the same trend as that of reducing sugar. The plant uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was maximum when 112 inorganic fertilizers + organic manure as vermicompost was applied. The organic carbon level after the crop showed significant difference among various treatments. The maximum organic carbon percentage was noticed when nitrogen as vermicompost + organic manure as vermicompost was given. The growth characters like vine yield, number of branches were negatively correlated with yield. The yield components like number of tubers per plant, tuber weight, uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium showed positive correlations with yield. The economics worked out show that the highest net profit was obtained when 1/2 inorganic fertilizers + organic manure as vermicompost was given. The cost of cultivation while applying this treatment was minimum and it showed a B C ratio of 2.53.Item Effect of foliar application of selected micronutrients and growth regulators on tuber development , yield and fortification status of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.).(Department of Plant Physiology , College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 2019) Arya, S R; Viji, M MA field experiment entitled “ Effect of foliar application of selected micro nutrients and growth regulators on tuber development, yield and fortification status of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)” was conducted at the Instructional farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2017-2019 with an objective to enhance the qualitative and quantitative attributes in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Foliar application of selected micronutrients and growth regulators were carried out to study their effect on growth, development and changes in fortification status of sweet potato tubers and leaves. The sweet potato variety used for the experiment was Bhu Krishna. The technical programme consisted of 17 treatments and 3 replications with the design simple RBD. The treatments were C1 : NPK (as per POP) , C2 : NPK (as per POP) with water spray, T1 : C1+ FN (MN mixture( * ) 0.01% each , T2 : C1+ FN (MN mixture( * ) 0.05% each , T3 : C1+ FN (MN mixture( * ) 0.1% each , T4 : T1+ Ethrel 250 ppm , T5 : T1+ Ethrel 500 ppm , T6 : T1+ CCC 250 ppm , T7 : T1+ CCC 500 ppm , T8 : T2+ Ethrel 250 ppm , T9 : T2+ Ethrel 500 ppm , T10: T2+ CCC 250 ppm , T11: T2+ CCC 500 ppm, T12: T3+ Ethrel 250 ppm , T13: T3+ Ethrel 500 ppm , T14: T3+ CCC 250 ppm and T15: T3+ CCC 500 ppm [*MN mixture (Zn+Fe+B+Mn)]. Except C1, for all other treatments foliar sprays were given 3 times ie. at 30 days interval(30 DI). All the biometric and physiological parameters were taken at 25th,50th,75th and 100th days after planting and the quality parameters were taken at harvest. The results revealed that the micronutrients and growth regulators had significant influence on most of the biometric parameters, physiological parameters as well as quality parameters. Tuber characters such as tuber length, tuber diameter, tuber weight and tuber yield were found to be best in plants under the treatment T15 (T3+ CCC 500 ppm at 30DI) and it was on par with T13(T3+Ethrel 500ppm). Branch length (155.50cm), shoot weight (612 g) and specific leaf area (389.44 cm2 g-1) were found to be best in plants under the treatment T3(C1+ FN (MN mixture( * ) 0.1% each at 30DI). Number of leaves also were found to be higher in T3 (91.33) and it was on par with T2, T13 and T15. Cycocel and ethrel are growth retardants and they were found to have dwarfing effect on plants and hence shoot length and shoot weight did not increase in the treatments, T15(T3+ CCC 500at 30DI) and T13(T3+ Ethrel 500 ppm at 30DI) and on the other hand the number of leaves got positively influenced in both these treatments T15 and T13. Except transpiration rate all physiological parameters viz., total chlorophyll content (2.25 mg g-1), caroteinoid content (0.87mg g-1), stomatal conductance (131.33 mmole H2O m-2 s-1), photosynthetic rate (4.49 µmole CO2 m-2 s-1) and water use efficiency (5.35 mmol CO2 mol-1 H2O) were found to be best in plants under the treatment T15 (T3+ CCC 500 ppm) and T13 was on par with T15 in all these physiological parameters studied. Mineral constituents; N (0.614 %), P (0.056%), K (0.489%),Fe (16.30 mg kg-1), Zn (15.07 mg kg-1), Mn (7.37 mg kg-1) and B (1.27 mg kg-1) as well as other quality parameters like total phenol (13.33mg g-1), total sugar (34.48 mg g-1) and protein content (38.40mg g-1) were found to be higher in tubers under the treatment T15 (T3+ CCC 500 ppm) followed by treatment T13 which is considered as the second best treatment with respect to mineral content in tubers. Overall, the combined treatments of micronutrients along with growth regulators were found most effective in influencing quality parameters. Treatment T15 (ie.,NPK as per POP along with foliar nutrition of micronutreint mixture (Fe+Zn+Mn+B @ 0.1% each ) + cycocel (500ppm) at 30 days interval ) was found to be the best in terms of improving both the quantitative and qualitative attributes in sweet potato. Hence it is concluded that the treatment T15 improved the growth and development of plants, physiological parameters of leaves, tuber yield as well as fortification status of sweet potato tubers. Thus this study helped in identifying the best treatment combination of micronutrients and growth regulators for improving growth, development, yield and fortification status in sweet potato.Item Integration of quanitative trait locus (QTL) for Tuber Colour variations with Genomic information in Sweet Potato(Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Reshma, T K; Sreekumar, KThe study entitled Integration of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for tuber colour variations with genomic information in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) was conducted at section of extension and social sciences, ICAR-CTCRI. The main objective of the study was to identify the differentially expressed genes for various tuber colours in sweet potato using RNA sequenced data; to integrate QTL information on tuber colour with genomic information in sweet potato and to validate the identified candidate genes. Sweet potatoes are abundant in compounds of biological effects such as β-carotene, phenolic acids and anthocyanins which gives its unique flesh colours. Here, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed to reveal the differentially expressed genes in six sweet potato cultivars with varying flesh colours of white, orange and purple. A total of 22,534, 27,431, 22,590 differentially expressed genes were identified in the pairwise analysis of orange and white, orange and purple and purple and white libraries respectively. Among differentially expressed genes, 5472 were upregulated and 17,062 were downregulated in orange compared to white, 11,670 upregulated genes and 15,761 downregulated genes in orange compared to purple, 7,622 were upregulated and 14,968 were downregulated in purple compared to white. Functional annotation of transcripts associated with the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway revealed the genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. In the present study, alignment of flanking SSR markers sequences of the QTL controlling β-carotene trait was done with the sweet potato genome assembly showed the position of QTL region on the chromosome. Functional annotation of the identified chromosomal region resulted in the identification of five candidate genes for carotenoid biosynthesis from three QTLs for β-carotene. Transcriptome sequencing and fine mapping of QTL are the efficient ways for discovering novel genes involved in main pathways. The identification of agronomically important genes can be utilized for improvement of sweet potato by the introduction of the genes to commercial sweet potato cultivars and for marker assisted selection.