1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Studies on non-specific anorexa in cattle(Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Baby, P G; Alikutty, K MNon – specific anorexia as a peculiar clinical syndrome in cattle was observed for the last one and a half decades in Kerala. Sample survey on the incidence of this syndrome was conducted through the selected veterinary hospitals in the field and of the Kerala Agricultural University. During the period of 1978 – 1982, anorexia syndrome in cattle constituted 10.95 per cent of the total and 32.30 per cent of their digestive disorders. The incidence of the syndrome was also noted high during the months of November to April every year. Ten apparently healthy cattle maintained under identical conditions of feeding and management at the University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy were selected at random and used as the control animals (Group I) for this study. Twenty selected clinical cases of non – specific anorexia presented at the University Hospital, Mannuthy were divided into groups of ten each (Group II and GroupIII) and utilized for these investigations. Course of the disease was followed and samples of rumen liquor and blood were collected and analysed on the first, third and fifth days of their admission in the clinic. Inappetance, mucopurulent nasal discharge, dryness of the muzzle, followed by peeling of its epithelium, constipation or diarrhea, weakness, emaciation and also marked reduction in milk yield in the lactating animals were the clinical manifestations noted in the affected animals. Their rectal temperature was normal, pulse weak and rapid, respiration normal but sometimes labored and visible mucous membranes were pale or became icteric in the later stages of the disease. Rate of rumen motility was reduced and feeble in strength with rumination remaining suspended. Animals of group II were given conventional therapy comprising oral administration of alksline stomachics. Animals of group III were given 25 per cent dextrose solution and vitamin B – complex with liver extract parenterally and stomachics orally on the first, third and fifth days of their admission in the clinic. Rumen liquor of animals of groups II and III was light yellow, olive green or greenish in colour, aromatic / offensive in odour and thick/thin in consistency on the first day of observation. Protozoal motility was poor (+) to vigorous (+++) and sedimentation activity time was prolonged significantly on the first day. The mean pH of the rumen Liquor of these animals was not significantly different from that of the healthy group. Increase in the ammonia nitrogen level and decrease in total volatile fatty acids concentration in the rumen liquor observed on the first day were significant. Blood glucose, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio in the serum were changed significantly in animals with non – specific anorexia. Significant changes observed in the above parameters in group II animals were further enhanced on third and fifth days of observation. In group III animals, a decrease in the ammonia nitrogen level and increase in the total volatile fatty acids concentration in the rumen liquor observed on the third and fifth day of admission in the clinic was statistically significant. Blood glucose, albumin – globulin ratio in the serum were also increased significantly in group III animals on fifth day. Following modified line of therapy the animals of group III became normal within three to five days. Clinical improvement was indicated by increased appetite, revival of rumen motility and rumination and also increased milk yield in the lactating animals. Decrease in the ammonia nitrogen level and increase in the total volatile fatty acids concentration in the rumen liquor of group III animals were significant on fifth day of therapy. Increase in blood glucose, albumin, albumin ratio in the serum were also found to be statistically significant on the fifth day. The changes in the blood glucose, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin and albumin – globulin ratio in the serum indicated hepatic insufficiency possibly responsible for the anorexia developed in the diseased animals. The modified line of therapy was found to be superior to conventional therapy for the clinical management of non – specific anorexia in cattle.Item Impact of correspondence course in dairying on adoption of improved dairy practices(Department Of Extension, College Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1987) Ramkumar, S; Pushkaran, P SItem Role of financial assistance and incentives in farmer motivation in dairying(Department of Extension, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1981) Raju, V; Nair, G RThe objectives of the study were to understand the awareness of the various assistances and incentives provided for the dairy development and whether these assistances have influenced the farmers to adopt improved dairy husbandry practices, besides the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and its influence on the adoption of improved practices as well as the reasons for not availing the assistances by them. The members of Chalakudy Milk Co-operative Society who have availed the assistances given by the Small Farmers Development Agency were selected as beneficiaries (50 respondents randomly selected) and those who have not availed any assistance from any source were selected as the nonbeneficiaries (50 respondents). Forty improved practices recommended by the University were included for the study and the six socio-economic characteristics of the respondents included in the study were age, education, income, herd size, social participation and extension contact. The data were gathered from the selected respondents using a pretested interview schedule. The analytical procedure adopted were simple percentage analysis, chisquare test and regression analysis. All the beneficiaries were found to have adopted atleast 15 recommended practices whereas only 12 practices were adopted by all the non-beneficiaries. Practices like premilking udder cleaning had 98 per cent of adoption among both the groups of respondents, and the practice of feeding commercial feed had 96 per cent adoption among the beneficiaries and 68 per cent adoption among the non-beneficiaries. The practice like weaning had the least adoption of zero per cent among both the groups of respondents. The mean adoption index among the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were 53.75 and 53.55 respectively. Among the six socio-economic characteristics studied significant influence/as shown by education and herd size on adoption among the non-beneficiaries and income among the beneficiaries. Dairying appeared to be a supplementary enterprise aimed at additional income in both the groups. Other than the natural aversion to get involved in debts no other reason seems to be predominant among the non-beneficiaries for not availing the assistances. The assistances as such did not reveal any significant influence on the adoption behaviour, but can be said to have some prohibition on employment and income generation.Item Fresh water cercarial fauna of Trichur(Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1982) Ambika Prasad Sarmah; Raja Mohan, KAn investigation on the cercarial fauna of fresh water snails in Trichur was conducted for a period of one year (1981 – 1982). Three species of snails viz. Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Lymnaea luteola f. australis and Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata were collected from different areas in Trichur. Snails were found to thrive throughout the year if water is available. Seven different types of cercariae could be identified in the present study. They were – 1. An amphistome cercaria of the pigmentata group referable to Cercaria indica XXVI Sewell, 1922 2. An echinostomatid cercaria, further confirmed as cercaria of Hypoderaeum conoideum 3. A xiphidiocercaria resembling Cercaria indica X Sewell, 1922 4. A brevifurcate, non – ocellate, apharyngeal cercaria referable to cercaria of Schistosoma spindale 5. A longifercate cercaria referable to Cercaria hardayali Dutt, 1970 6. A gymnocephalous cercaria resembling Cercaria indica XIV Sewell, 1922 7. Amonostome cercaria comparable to Cercaria indica VII Sewell, 1922 The maximum incidence of cercarial infection in snails was found in the month of August, Mixed infection of cercariae was observed in one Indo plannorbis exustus (Deshayes) and one Lymnaea luteola f. australis snails. The emergence character and detailed morphology of all these cercariae were studied and compared with the available literature. Experimental infection to raise the adults from the larval stage of a trematode was successfully carried out using cercaria of Hypoderaeum conoideum.