1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
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Item Screening banana (Musa sp.) varieties for leaf production(Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2004) Selvakumar, K; Jayachandran Nair, C SItem Studies on in vitro shoot tip culture of banana for the development of cost effective small scale production system(Department Of Pomology And Floriculture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Sundararasu, N; Aravindakshan, KItem Substitution of potassium by sodium in banana musa (AAB Group) var nendran(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2000) Lekshmy, R; Harikrishnan Nair, KItem Regulation of major plant nutrients and organic matter for improving the nutritive quality of banana grown in laterite soils(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1999) Binu Thomas; Hassan, M AItem Influence of post-bunching sprays of cytokinin, potassium and calcium on yield and shelf life of banana (Musa AAB Nendran) fruits(Department Of Pomology And Floriculture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1999) Sindhu, T S; Sajan KurienThe experiment entitled " Influence of post - bunching sprays of cytokinin, potassium and calcium on yield and shelf life of banana (Musa AAB Nendran) fruits" were carried out in the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara. The study was investigated during two seasons from 1997 to 1999 with the objective of increasing the yield and shelf life by bunch management sprays in plants which had been given bunch stalk feeding of urea, primarily by use of a nutrient viz., potassium; secondly by use of a nutrient which acts in preserving the integrity of the cell wall viz., calcium and thirdly, a plant growth regulator with known anti- senescence properties viz., cytokinin. The study emphasized the overall superiority ofMpercent.K2S04 sprays applied at third and fourth week after bunch emergence. Yield and yield components like the finger characters such as length, grade and FCr were improved by the treatments. A delay in maturity and ripening and an extended shelf life were observed. The quality of treated fruits revealed reduced acidity, increased sugar contents, higher urease activity, lower residual urea and lower levels of nitrite nitrogen. Electrolytic leakage was also less in K treated fruits. Among the cytokinin treatments 50 mg l' of kinetin and 75 mg r' of BA applied at third and fourth week after bunch emergence proved better. Yield and yield parameters i.e., bunch weight and finger characters such as length, grade and FCr were significantly improved by the bunch management practises involving post- bunching sprays of cytokinin. The. kinetin sprays delayed maturity and ripening besides, qualitatively improving the shelf life. Calcium infiltration technique could reduce the percentage reduction in finger weight significantly and qualitatively increase shelf life. Also an increase in quality by way of reduction in acidity and increase in total soluble solids, especially in calcium infiltration treatments was observed. The electrolytic leakage of fruits was found to be less in calcium infiltrated fruits and above all, the effective treatments were more acceptable in terms of taste. The calcium content in the pulp and peel were increased due to infiltration. Analysis of the calcium content in calcium treated fruits revealed that calcium content was more in the peel than in the pulp. Sensory evaluation carried out by a taste panel revealed that consumer acceptability of treated fruits was in no way reduced.Item Suitability of sul-po-mag as a potassium cum magnesium fertilizer for banana in Kerala(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1997) Anila Mathew; Chinnamma, N PThe present investigation was carried out in the Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during the period of September 1994 to August 1995. The study was aimed to bring to light the suitability of Sul-Po-Mag as a potassium cum magnesium fertilizer for banana in Kerala. The treatments included Sul-Po-Mag substitutes of potassium to the extend of -25, 50 and 100 per cent in the normal recommended dose of NPK as urea, diammonium phosphate and muriate of potash at the rate of 190 g N, 115 g P205 and 300 g K20 per plant per year. Treatments of muriate of potash supplemented with magnesium and sulphur separately and with magnesium and sulphur together were also included and they were compared with the recommended practice. The experiment was laid out in randomised block design with three replication. During the early stages of growth, the treatments failed to influence the morphological characters such as height, girth and number of leaves of the plant. But at the later stages, the girth and the number of leaves differed significantly and the application of Sul-Po-Mag showed a favourable influence on these characters. No significant difference was observed in characters like total number of suckers, days to flower, days to mature and total duration of the crop among the treatments. Among the bunch characters, numbers of hands, length and girth of fingers and bunch weight were influenced by the difference in treatments while the number of fingers per bunch and weight of fingers remained unaffected. The maximum yield was given by the treatment where potassium was supplied by Sul-Po-Mag and muriate of potash in half doses. Though the treatments differed significantly in yield from the control, where no fertilizer was applied, the treat- ments of muriate of potash and Sul-Po-Mag are on par indicating that Sul-Po-Mag is as good as MOP for its capacity to meet potassium requirement of the crop. The treatments did not differ significantly in quality parameters such as reducing sugars, total sugars, sugar acid ratio, weight of pulp and peel and pulp peel ratio. But significant difference was observed with total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content, non reducing sugars and acidity. High value of these characters were recorded with Sul-Po-Mag except for the reducing sugars and total sugars. Treat- ments with magnesium and sulphur were found to decrease the sugar content of fruits. High pulp peel ratio of Sul-Po-Mag treatments showed increased storage quality. The nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur contents of leaves remained unaffected both at vegetative and harvest phases, while potassium, calcium and magnesium differed significantly between the treatments. The contents in leaf of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S were decisively influenced by the treatments at the time of shooting. Nutrient contents of leaves were found to increase till shooting and a drastic reduction was observed thereafter. Calcium, magnesium and sulphur contents in the fertilizer increased their availability in soil and the plant content. Treatments with Sul-Po-Mag and magnesium showed high content of potassium in leaves. The contents of potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur were found to be the highest in the pseudostem followed by leaves. Rhizome and fruit also showed appreciable amount of these nutrients. The total uptake of potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur ranged between 365.26-221.06, 73.57-57.97, 4.45-14.5 and 3.71-4.94 g plant-1 respectively. Only the total uptake of magnesium was decisively influenced by the treatments. The maximum values of uptake of magnesium found in treatment which was supplied with Mg equivalent to that present in half dose of Sul-Po-Mag. Available P, available K and available S contents of the soil were found to be nonsignificant both at vegetative and harvest stages. The sulphate containing treatments were found to decrease the pH of the soil. Maximum electrical conductance was found with Mg supplied treatments. Organic carbon content was found to be significant only at harvest stage. Calcium, magnesium and sulphur contents in the fertilizer were found to increase the soil content of these elements.Item Integrated plant nutrition system (IPNS) for maximising yield in banana, musa (Aab group) nendran(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1998) Geetha, K; Ravindran Nair, RField experiments were conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kumarakom during 1994 – 1995 and 1995 – 1996, in order to formulate an Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS) for increasing yield and quality of banana cv. Nendran. The optimum combination of various nutrient resources for the crop was arrived at in this study. The treatments comprised of three types of organic inputs (Azospirillum, cowpea and vermicompost) along with a control and four levels each of fertilizer N (0,95,143 and 190 g plant-1) and 2, 4-D (0,15,30 and 45 ppm). The design of the experiment was 43 factorial confounding the highest order interaction. There were two replications. The results revealed that cowpea (green manure) and vermicompost influenced the yield response to applied N significantly. The organic inputs helped to increase the bunch yield and net returns and reduced the chemical N requirement to 85 per cent of the present recommended dose (190 g plant-1). Besides, they improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil at the end of the experiment. Application of 2, 4-D at the rate of 30 ppm was beneficial for higher yield, particularly at the lower doses of fertilizer N. The growth regulator did not give any residue in the fruit. The effect of interaction between organic inputs and fertilizer N was clearly evident in the growth attributes. The influence of organic inputs was significant on TSS, acidity and reducing and non reducing sugars. Applied N and 2, 4-D influenced all the quality parameters. An IPN package consisting of either cowpea (green manure) or vermicompost, 85 per cent of the present recommended dose of fertilizer N (190 g plant-1) and 30 ppm of 2, 4-D is suggested for achieving high economic returns from banana cultivation.Item Flower bud differentiation in banana(Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Meena Koshy; Mohankumaran, NStudies were undertaken at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1987 – 88 in Robusta, Palayankodan and Red Banana cultivars to determine the site, time and histological aspects of flower bud differentiation. The time of differentiation varied in the three varieties. The transition from vegetative to reproductive stage occurred in Robusta between 228 and 278 days, in Palayankodan between 250 and 311 days and in Red Banana between 334 and 365 days. The apical meristem visualized as a flat dome – like structure in the vegetative phase changed into a conical structure during the transition. After this, the conical apex became more meristematic and the bracts separated spirally from the flank meristem. In the axils of the boat shaped bracts, hand primordia developed. Later on, floral primordial were seen to develop in acropetal succession. Basic differences were not observed in respect of the histological features of differentiation among the three cultivars. With respect to morphological characters, there was rapid increase in the height and girth of the pseudostem during the vegetative and early stage of reproductive phase. The leaf area was the maximum in Red Banana plants at the transition phase. The number of functional leaves in the three developmental phases ranged from 9 to 11 in the three cultivars. The present studies could not indicate any definite role for CHO, N or C/N ratio on the induction of flowering in banana. Further studies with tissue – cultured plants have been suggested to generate accurate data on the time of occurrence of the developmental stages.