Nutrient profiling of yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) genotypes

Abstract

The project entitled "Nutrient profiling of yard long bean [Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt] genotypes" was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 2020–2022, to analyze the nutrient composition in green pods of yard long bean genotypes and to identify of the best genotype based on nutrient content. The experimental material consisted of 20 yard long bean genotypes, which was laid out in RBD with two replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference for all the characters studied among the twenty genotypes expect for sodium content. Among the genotypes, the highest pod length was observed for KAU Deepika (66.25 cm) and Kanjikuzhipayar (64.45 cm), FH-7 (63.60 cm) and NS- 621 (61.50 cm) being statistically on par with it. The highest pod girth was recorded in NS 621 (4.20 cm), which was on par with Supreme (3.80 cm) and Kanjikuzhipayar (3.80 cm). The highest pod weight of 33.60 g was recorded by FH 7, which was on par with Kanjikuzhipayar (32.45 g) and KAU Deepika (31.25 g). The highest number of pods per plant was recorded in Githika (47.00). VS 38 (46.00), Manjari (45.00), VS 54 (44.00) and KMV 1 (43.50) were on par with it. The highest yield per plant of 1087.15 g was recorded by Githika which was on par with KAU Deepika (1031.52 g). The highest moisture content of 89.77 % was recorded by NS 621 which was on par with FH 7 (89.53 %), Supreme (88.55 %), Kanjikuzhipayar (87.94 %), KAU Deepika (89.94 %) and Vellayani Jyothika (87.47 %). The lowest fat content was recorded in KAU Mithra (1.15 %) which was statistically on par with KAU Deepika (1.25 %), VS 16 (1.25 %), Supreme (1.35 %), Malika (1.40 %) and Lola (1.40 %). The lowest carbohydrate content was recorded in Lola (6.69 %) which was on par with VS 54 (7.05 %), Arka Mangala (7.15 %), Sharika (7.23 %), KMV 1 (7.27 %) and Harry (7.27 %). The highest ash content of 0.91 % was recorded in Vellayani Jyothika. The highest crude fibre content was observed in Lola (1.90 %) which was on par with VS 54 (1.90 %), Harry (1.86 %) and Vyjayanthi (1.85 %). The highest crude protein content was recorded by Arka Mangala (34.12 %). Kanjikuzhipayar (31.93 %), Manjari (31.81 %) and KAU Mithra (31.805 %) were found to be statistically on par with it. The highest beta carotene of 512.87 µg 100 g-1 was recorded in Vyjayanthi. The genotype KMV 1 recorded the highest vitamin B1 content of 0.94 mg 100 g-1 of dry weight. Githika (0.92 mg 100 g-1 of dry weight) and Lola (0.900 mg 100 g-1 of dry weight) were on par with it. The highest vitamin B2 and vitamin B3 content was recorded in Githika (0.40 mg 100 g-1 of dry weight and 2.21 mg 100 g-1 of dry weight respectively). Vitamin C content was the highest in Noori (26.28 mg 100 g-1 of fresh weight) which was statistically on par with Vyjayanthi (25.96 mg 100 g-1 of fresh weight), KAU Deepika (25.96 mg 100 g-1 of fresh weight), Githika (25.96 mg 100 g-1 of fresh weight), FH 7 (25.96 mg 100 g-1 of fresh weight) and Vellayani Jyothika (25.32 mg 100 g-1 of fresh weight). The highest potassium content of 1.83 % was recorded in Manjari. Two genotypes, viz., Kanjikuzhipayar (1.80 %) and Noori (1.75 %) were on par with it. Githika recorded the highest phosphorous content of 0.60 % which was on par with VS 38 (0.55 %). Vyjayanthi registered the highest magnesium content (0.63 %), which was on par with VS 16 (0.54 %), Githika (0.54 %), Manjari (0.48 %), VS 38 (0.48 %) and VS 54 (0.48 %). The highest iron content of 190.00 ppm was observed in VS 54, being on par with Lola (185.00 ppm). The highest zinc content was recorded in Manjari (82.50 ppm). FH 7 (77.50 ppm) and VS 54 (75.00 ppm) were found to be statistically on par with it. The lowest phytic acid content was recorded in Lola (825.63 mg 100 g 1).Vyjayanthi (832.69 mg 100 g-1), KAU Deepika (853.91 mg 100 g-1), Githika (853.94 mg 100 g-1), Sharika (853.94 mg 100 g-1) and NS 621 (859.24 mg 100 g-1) was found to be statistically on par with it.The lowest oxalate content was recorded in Supreme (2.20 mg g-1), which was statistically on par with Kanjikuzhipayar (2.25 mg g-1), Arka Mangala (2.30 mg g-1), Sharika (2.35 mg g-1) and KAU Deepika (2.70 mg g-1). The highest antioxidant content was recorded in Vellayani Jyothika (94.05 %). Arka Mangala recorded the highest mean score for colour/appearance and doneness. Highest mean score for flavour and taste was recorded in NS 621. The lowest bitterness was also recorded in NS 621. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance was recorded for the characters pod length, pod weight, pods/plant, yield/plant, ash, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, potassium, phosphorous, iron and zinc. The genotypes were ranked based on selection index score considering the characters viz., carbohydrate, crude fibre, crude protein, beta carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, potassium, calcium, iron and antioxidant. Lola recorded the highest selection index score of 824.222 followed by Vyjayanthi (804.255) and VS 54 (789.976). The best genotype based on nutrient content was Lola, which recorded the highest crude fibre content, high vitamin B1 and iron content and the lowest carbohydrate and phytic acid content.