1. KAUTIR (Kerala Agricultural University Theses Information and Retrieval)
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/1
Browse
6 results
Search Results
Item Evaluation of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for growth and management of rhizome rot of ginger (Zingiber officinale)(Department of agricultural microbiology,Vellanikkara, 2023-06-21) Revathy, S.; Preetha, RItem Ginger (Zingiber officinale) yield variability under different climate change scenarios(Department of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, 2021) Fathima Sona, N; Shajeesh Jan, PGinger (Zingiber Officinale) is an important commercial spice crop grown from very ancient times in India. Because of its valued aroma and lemon flavour, it has spread to tropical and subtropical regions from the Indo-China region and became one of the earliest oriental spices known to Europe (Nybe and Miniraj, 2005). Species diversity and yield of spices are threatened due to the ever increasing temperature and changes in precipitation pattern. Since spices are grownboth in plains and high altitudes, it is important to assess the long term climatic changes within a region and its influence on productivity (Sing, 2008). The present experiment was aimed to study the impact of climate change on growth and yield aspects of ginger crop under climate change scenarios of RCP 4.5 and 8.5. Ginger varieties, Maran and Varada were raised at Instructional Farm (IF) Vellanikkara, by adopting split plot design. The experiment was laid out with four dates of planting (15th May, 1st June, 15th June and1 st July) as main plot treatment and two varieties (Maran and Varada) as sub plot treatments. Fourreplications were given for the experiment. The crop weather relationship was analysed with correlation with the help of SPSS software. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a multivariate statistical technique was done in order to reduce the multicollinarity of large data sets of weather variables to substantially smaller sets of new variables. The developed principal components were utilized for model development using stepwise regression analysis. The future climate was estimated by climate change projections generated using CCSM4 models for 2030, 2050 and 2080based on scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The life cycle of ginger was characterized by four distinct stages, ie., sowing to 50% germination, 50% germination to active tillering, active tillering to bulking and bulking to physiological maturity. Duration taken for each phenophases found to vary for all the four date of planting in both Maran and Varada. The May 15th date of planting took more days to germinate compared to other date of plantings. The number of days taken for sowing to germination was positively correlated with maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall and soil temperature in both varieties. The number of days taken to attain physiological maturity also foundto be more in May 15th planted crop. The weather experienced during various phenophases have significant influence on yield and other yield attributes of ginger crop. It was found that the yield of both varieties of ginger havepositive correlation with minimum temperature at all the four phenophases except bulking t o physiological maturity. Maximum temperature observed at sowing to germination was positively correlated with yield of both Maran and Varada. At active tillering to bulking stage, rainfall, rainy days and minimum temperature showed a significant positive correlation with yield, but maximum temperature, wind speed and solar radiation showed a significant negative correlation with yield. The Principal Component Analysis was carried out for ginger varieties Maran and Varadaby using the weather parameters experienced in four stages ie., sowing to 50% germination, 50% germination to active tillering, active tillering to bulking and bulking to physiological maturity. Weather parameters considered include maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), rainfall (RF), rainy days (RD), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS) and solar radiation (SRAD). The statistical model was developed with principal components as independentand yield as dependent variable. Projected climatic conditions of Vellanikkara, Thrissur under climate change scenarios of RCP 4.5 and 8.5 were downscaled from CCSM4 model. The projected climate of near century (2010-2039), midcentury (2040-2069) and end of century (2070-2099) were downscaled for the study. The projected yield of the ginger variety Maran was found to decrease at all planting datesexcept July 1 st under both the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Under RCP 4.5 scenario, more reductionwas reported at the end of the century on May 15th (38%), June 1st (29%) and June 15th (54.5%) dates of planting. July 1 st planted crop reported increase in projected yield under near, mid and end of centuries. More increase in yield was observed in midcentury (17.7%). Under RCP 8.5 scenario,May 15th (50.2%) and June 1st (20.3%) dates of planting reported the highest percentage of yield reduction during midcentury. June 15th date of planting, recorded the highest yield reduction of 52.6% at the end of the century. July 1st planting date recorded increase in yield and it was more in end of century (15.5%). In case of Varada, under RCP 4.5 scenario, more yield reduction was reported at the end of century during May 15th (24%) and June 1 st (7.2%) dates of planting. DuringJune 15th planting dates, near and end of century reported the same yield reduction of 24.9%. TheJuly 1 st planted crop reported an increase in yield, which was more (15.5%) during end of century. Under RCP 8.5 scenario, more yield reduction was observed in midcentury on May 15th (28.8%) date of planting. June 1st (6.6%) and June 15th (19.9%) dates of planting reported more reduction in end of century. July 1 st reported more increase of 24% in end of century.Item Expression of chalcone synthase gene in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as influvenced by various management practices(Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2019) Archita Unnikrishnan; Shylaja, M RGinger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), a rhizomatous spice crop is known for its nutraceutical potential due to the presence of non-volatile pungent principles, gingerols. The pungent principles in ginger are derived via “stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis” pathway and the key enzyme involved in gingerol biosynthesis is Chalcone synthase. The present research work was undertaken at Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology (CPBMB), College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur from 2017 to 2019 to analyse the influence of nutrient management and spraying of elicitors on Chalcone synthase gene expression in ginger. The study was conducted under two situations, in high tech polyhouse available at CPBMB and in open conditions. Various treatments viz., T1 (Nutrient management as per PoP, KAU), T2 (PoP soil test based nutrient management), T3 (Adhoc PoP organic, KAU), T4 (PoP nutrient management, KAU + salicylic acid foliar spray - 100 µM) and T5 (PoP nutrient management, KAU + methyl jasmonate foliar spray, 100 µM) were imposed. The KAU released ginger variety Karthika, known for its high gingerol content was used for the experiment. The morphological observations such as length of pseudostem, number of tillers per plant, number of leaves per tiller and leaf area were recorded at 60, 90 and 120 Days After Planting (DAP). All the treatments except T4 (PoP nutrient management KAU + salicylic acid foliar spray, 100 µM) and T5 (PoP nutrient management, KAU + methyl jasmonate foliar spray, 100 µM) recorded higher pseudostem length irrespective of the growing conditions. The plants under polyhouse recorded higher pseudostem length than the plants raised under open condition. The tiller production was higher in plants grown in open condition. The number of leaves per tiller was less in treatment T5 (PoP nutrient management, KAU + methyl jasmonate foliar spray - 100 µM) both under polyhouse and open conditions. In polyhouse condition, the leaf area was higher than in open condition. The relative expression of Chalcone synthase gene was studied from the leaves of various treatments at 120 DAP. All the treatments in polyhouse and open conditions recorded higher gene expression over the control treatment T1 (Nutrient management as per PoP, KAU). The treatment T2 (PoP soil test based nutrient management) recorded the highest expression of Chalcone synthase gene both under polyhouse and open conditions with a fold increase of 1.346 and 1.166 respectively. The plants under polyhouse recorded higher fresh yield of the rhizomes than plants under open condition. The treatment T1 (Nutrient management as per PoP, KAU) was the best irrespective of the growing conditions with regard to fresh yield. The rhizome characters such as number, length and girth of primary, secondary, tertiary fingers, thickness of inner core, colour and plumpiness of rhizomes were recorded. Rhizome characters were good in the treatments T1 (Nutrient management as per PoP, KAU), T2 (PoP soil test based nutrient management) and T3 (Adhoc PoP organic-KAU). There was no significant difference in the dry ginger recovery for the rhizomes harvested from both polyhouse and open conditions. The treatment T2 (PoP soil test based nutrient management) recorded higher recovery of both oleoresin and gingerol. The increased recovery of oleoresin in the treatment T2 (PoP soil test based nutrient management) was 71.16 per cent over the control in open condition and 32.11 per cent in polyhouse over the control. Similarly, the total gingerol content recorded an increase of 15.28 per cent over the control in polyhouse and 31.98 per cent over the control in open condition. The major outcome of the present investigations is the high recovery of total gingerol in soil test based nutrient management in ginger. The abiotic elicitors like salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate sprayed could not improve the recovery of gingerols. The soil test based nutrient management recorded higher recovery of both oleoresin and gingerol and was found cost-effective when compared to the other treatments.Item Optimisation of process parameters for preparation of flavoured instant green tea(Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Tavanur, 2017) Sankalpa, K B; Santhi Mary, MathewItem In silico screening and identification of lead molecules with anti-hepatitis B activity(Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriciulture, Vellayani, 2018) Alina A Nazir; Sreekumar, SHepatitis B is an infectious liver disease which causes high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection concentrates on clearing the HBV DNA and to prevent the development of complications. Currently seven drugs are available for the treatment of CHB: 5nucleo(S)tide analoque and 2 interferon based therapies. In order to find out safe and better drug, in the present investigation a total of 571 phytochemicals from three plants viz Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, Curcuma longa and Zingiber Officinale were screened against three Hepatitis B Virus proteins such as HBx, HBc and polymerase (Poly) through docking using the tool AutoDock 4.2. For docking out of 571 phytochemicals derived from E. cardamomum (87), Z. officinale (273) and C. Longa (211), the structure of 558 compounds were downloaded form chemical databases and remaining 13 molecules structures were drawn using ChemSketech. The 3D structures of all phytochemicals structures were generated using the tool CORINA in .pdb format. The 3D structure of the target protein HBc was retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB ID:1QGT) and the structure of HBx and poly were modelled using the software MODELLER. The active site and residues of the target protein HBx and HBc was detected using PDB Sum and Poly was detected using CASTp. Docking was performed using the tool Auto Dock and the docked structures having binding energy <-5.0 kcal/mol were considered as the active/hit molecules. Top ranked five hit molecules with least binding energy obtained from each plant were further analysed based on other ctiteria such as hydrogen bond, other molecular interactive forces like hydrophobic interactions and drug likeness properties and selected the best lead molecules. The result showed that all three spices have inhibitory effect on the targets, HBX,HBc and poly. The best lead molecules selected against HBX was B-carotien (G bind <-11.40 kcal/mol) derived from Z.officinale and C. longa follewed by B-sitosterol (Gbind <-8.62 kcal/m0l) which was present in all the three plants. Similarlly, the best lead obtained against HBc was -ylangene (Gbind <-8.04 kcal/mol) from C. longa and Z.officinale and the compound 2-hydroxy methyl anthraquinone (-Gbind < -8.00 kcl/mol) present in E.cardamomum was also equallly competent as the best lead. Against polymerase vanilic acid (Gbind <-5.50 kcal/mol)was found as the best lead and it was present in all three plants. The compound p-hydroxy-benzoicacid obtained from Z. officinale and protocatechuic-acid from C.longa were also equally competent as the best lead. The results support the traditional knowledge and practice. However, based on the foregoing results in vitro and in vivo experiments are to be essential for further confirmation.Item Metabolite Profiling and gene expression analysis for gingerol production in selected somaclones of ginger (zingiber officinale rosc.)(Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2017) Sreeja, S; Shylaja, M R