PhD Thesis

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Studies on the nodal infection of red rot of sugarcane
(Faculty of the Post Graduate School, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 1963) Wilson, K I; Chona, B L
The reaction of 6 sugarcane varieties to red rot infection through the nodal region caused by Colletotrichum falcatum Went was studied. Cane varieties Co. 445, Co. 331, Co. 312 and Co. 1181 were found to be susceptible while Co.1070 and Co. 286 proved to be moderately resistant to nodal infection. The fungus persited in an incipient form in the nodal regions of apparently healthy stalks of sugarcane. A number of leaf - sheaths also yielded the fungus on isolation. The leaf - sheath water (the water accumulated in the cavity between the leaf-sheath and stalk) collected from the above 6 varieties of sugarcane stimulated the spore germination of the fungus. The presence of sugars viz., sucrose and laevalose, detected in the leaf sheath water by paper chromatographic analysis, is believed to be responsible for the stimulation of spore germination.
Investigations on hybrid vigour in bhindi ( Abelmosohus esculentus L. Monech)
(Division of Agricultural Botany, Agricultural college & research institute , Vellayani Trivandrum, 1965) Mohamad Isaack, A; Kumara Pillai, P
This investigations was carried out in the Agricultural botany division of the Agricultural college and research institute, Vellayani during the year 1964-65 (october, 1964 to June 1965). Seeds of four varieties of bhindi vis. local white pusa red pusa sowani and kilichundan obtained from the agricultural college farm were used and sown in the botanic garden of the college on 13.10.1964. A large number of flowers in each variety were selfed to have the parental seeds for the next season. Crossing between varieties in all possible combinations was also undertaken to get F1 seeds for the investigation .
Study of differential adoption of improved farm practices in relation to reference group influence and community norms
(Faculty of the Post Graduate School, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 1966) Sankaran Potti, V S; Sharma, S K
This research study, entitled "A study of differential adoption of improved farm practices in relation to reference group influence and community norms" was conducted during the period 1964-1965 in Khanjawala block in the Union Territory of Delhi. The objectives of the study have been: (1) To study adoption of farm practices as a function of reference group influence. (2) To find out the composition of reference groups which influence adoption behaviour. (3) To study the influence of community innovativeness norms on individual innovativeness. (4) To study the extent to which community innovativeness norms are related to other community characteristics. Three villages, out of the total of fifty six villages in Khanjawala block, representing three different types of community as social system norms, namely, modern, transitional and traditional were selected for the study. The respondents of the study constited of 222 farmers representing the total number of heads of farming families residing in these three villages.
Studies on certain chemical constituents of banana leaves in relation to incidence of leaf spot diseases: A note on the fungi occurring on banana
(Division of Plant Pathology ,Agricultural College and Research Institute ,Vellayani, Trivandrum, 1966) Chandrasekharan Nair, M K; Sam Raj, J
Studies on the rice swarming caterpillar , Spodoptera mauritia boisduval in Kerala
(Division of entomology ,Agricultural college and research institute ,Vellayani., 1967) Thomas, B; M R G K Nair
Exploration of the feasibility of developing races of trichograma Australicum girault ( trichogramatidar, hymenoptera) suitable for different environments
(Division of entomology ,Agricultural college and research institute ,Vellayani., 1970) Abraham, C C; Pradhan, S
Studies on induced mutations in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Division of genetics and plant breeding ,Agricultural college and research institute , Coimbatore., 1971) Gopinathan Nair, V
Evaluation of the nutritive values of pulse proteins with and without supplementation of amino acids
(Department of Nutrition Laboratory, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1975) Sivaraman, E; Chandra Menon, K
Studies on the chemical control and insect-plant relationships of the rice leafroller, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee (Pyraustidae:Lepidoptera)
(Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1975) Mohandas, N; Gopalakrishnan Nair, M R
The series of laboratory and field experiments were conducted to study the relative toxicity of 24 insecticides to noths and larvae of the rice leaf roller, cnaphalocreoois medinalis the relative effiency of these insecticides in controlling the pest in the field and the insect plant relationships between c.medinalis and different rice varieties. Suitable methods for the collection of moths of c.mdinalis from the field for the collection of their eggs and first instar larvae in sufficiently large numbers and for rearing the insect in the laboratory were eveloved.
Studies on the burrowing nematode radopholus similis (cobb,1893) thorne 1949 on pepper(Piper nigrum L.) and its role in slow wilt disease
(Department of plant pathology, University of agricultural sciences, Bangalore ., 1976) Venkitesan, T S; Setty, K G H
Optimization of agronomic resources for maximizing grain and mill yield of rice
(Department of Agricultural Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 1976) Kannan, Mukundan; Pande, H K
Studies on the influence of tannins on nucleic acid and protein syntheses in ruminants
(Faculty of Dairy and Animal Husbandry, Haryana, 1976) Sadanandan, K P; Arora, S P
Studies on the biology, pathogenicity and treatment of important nematodes of domestic duck
(Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1977) Chandrasekharan, K; Kalyanasundaram, R
Biology ecology and host plant relations of the brown planthopper, Nilavaravata lugens Stal
(Division of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1977) Thomas, M J; Gopalakrishnan Nair, M R
Studies on the metabolic activity of the productive system of chicken
(Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1978) Ramakrishna Pillai, M G; Nirmalan, G
Studies on the effect of multiple cropping on soil fertility and crop yields in wet land
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1978) Sasidhar, V K; Sadanandan, N
The problem entitled "Studies on the effect of multiple cropping on soil fertility and crop yields in wet land" was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum during the years 1974-76 to assess the effect of five cropping patterns, viz, rice-rice-sweet potato, rice-rice-cowpea, rice-rice-sesamum, rice-rice- groundnut and rice-rice-rice on the various physical and chemical properties of soil and yield of crops and finally to find out the most suitable and efficient cropping pattern. The study revealed that rice-rice-groundnut was the most efficient and suitable cropping pattern for the wet land. The maximum yield per hectare as well as per day was recorded by sweet potato and the minimum by sesamum. While the maximum annual yield was recorded by the cropping pattern rice-rice-sweet potato, the minimum was from the cropping pattern rice-rice-sesamum during both the years. The dry matter production per hectare per year from individual cropping patterns was maximum in rice-rice- sweet potato and minimum in rice-rice-cowpea during the first year and the corresponding rotations were rice-rice- groundnut and rice-rice-sesamum during the second year. The maximum economic returns were obtained from the cropping pattern rice-rice-groundnut during both the years. While the minimum economic returns were obtained from the cropping pattern rice-rice-cowpea during the first year it was from rice-rice-rice during the second year.. Soil fertility studies showed that cropping pattern rice-rice-sweet potato resulted in decrease in bulk density, pH and total nitrogen and increase in water stable aggregates, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, C : N ratio, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potash, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable, magnesium, and exchangeable hydrogen. The cropping pattern rice-rice-cowpea resulted in decrease in bulk density, pH, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, c : 11 ratio, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium and increase in water stable aggregates, total nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potash and / exchangeable hydrogen. While there was decrease in bulk density, pH and total nitrogen there was increase in cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, G : N ratio, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potash, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable hydrogen in the cropping pattern rice-rice-sesamum. The rice-rice-groundnut cropping pattern resulted in decrease in bulk density, pH,cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, G : W ratio and increase in,water stable aggregates, total nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potash, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable hydrogen. However, cropping pattern rice-rice-rice resulted in increase in bulk density, 0 * N ratio, exchangeable hydrogen and decrease in water stable aggregates, pH, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potash, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium. While virippu rice was most efficient, in utilizing nitrogen for dry matter production, cowpea was least efficient in this regard. The groundnut crop showed maximum efficiency in the utilization of phosphorus and potash for dry matter production. While sesamum was least efficient in the case of phosphorus it was sweet potato in the case of potash. The highest and the lowest protein yields wereobtained during first and second years from the cropping /pattern rice-rice-groundnut and rice-rice-sesamum respectively
Investigations on the microbial deterioration of copra
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1978) Susamma Philip; Ramanatha Menon, M
Studies on the nutritional requirements of the Indian elephant
(Department of Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1979) Ananthasubramaniam, C R; Chandra Menon, K
Stimulated by the results of a digestion trial conducted previously in growing and adolescent elephants, an investigation involving, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and energy balance studies was carried out in two young and two adult elephants fed palm leaf ad lib. at first (Trial 1) and subsequently at 75 per cent of the ad lib. in take (Trial 11) with a view to evolve feeding standards for the elephant for maintenance and growth. Prior to this investigation, the reliability of applying a formula based on body measurements to predict body weights of the elephants as accurately as possible for purposes of their scientific feeding and judicious treatment was examined in 20 animals of varying age, sex and weight. The nutritional status of the elephants under balance trials was assessed in terms of concentrations of some of the well – known blood constituents. From the overall results obtained, the salient inferences drawn were the following : 1. For predicting the body weights of the elephants, formulae devised on the basis of chest girth and neck girth measurements are found to be more accurate than those involving body length, height and chest girth. 2. Adult animals, whether fed palm leaf ad lib. or at restricted level, consume more feed and more dry matter and void more dung dry matter and total urinary solids, as compared with the young elephants under identical conditions. 3. Adult animals digest dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen – free – extract better than the young at both levels of intake, the differences between them in the digestibility of dry matter on restricted level of intake being significant (P < 0.05). Restriction of feed intake significantly reduces the digestibility of nitrogen – free – extract (P < 0.05) in young animals. 4. Adult animals consume daily more DCP and TDN as compared with the young animals at both levels of intake. Restricted feeding reduces the DCP and TDN intakes of both the adult and young animals, the TDN intakes per metabolic body size of both groups being significantly less than the same observed during ad lib. feeding (P , 0.01). The adult animals consume significantly more TDN as compared with the young on restricted feeding (P < 0.05). 5. The overall differences in nitrogen balance between the two groups and between the two trials are significant (P < 0.05). Adult animals register higher values for positive nitrogen balance as compared with the young on both levels of feeding. Restricted feeding reduces the nitrogen balances in both the groups. 6. Adult animals show significantly higher calcium balance as compared with the young on restricted level of feeding (P < 0.05). Between the two levels of intake, significant difference is observed in the case of the young (P < 0.05), the animals showing batter calcium balance on ad lib. feeding. 7. All animals, irrespective of group or level of intake, show negative balance for phosphorus. 8. Adult animals consume and digest gross energy better than the young in both the trials, the increase in the availability of digested energy per metabolic body size in the case of the adult animals in each trial being significant (P < 0.05). Restriction of feed intake significantly reduces the digested energy values in the case of both the groups (P < 0.01). 9. Dry matter, DCP, TDN, DE and ME requirements for the maintenance of the adult elephant are : 108g, 6g, 58g, 278 kcal and 237 kcal respectively per unit metabolic body size (kg.73) per day. 10. Dry matter, DCP, TDN, DE and ME requirements for the growth of the young elephant are : 142g, 7g, 335 kcal and 279 kcal respectively per unit metabolic body size (kg.73) per day. 11. The requirements of calcium for the maintenance and growth of the elephant are: 0.5g and 0.6g respectively per unit metabolic body size (kg.73) per day. 12. Palm leaf even when fed ad lib. does not supply enough phosphorus either maintenance or for growth. 13. Palm leaf even when fed at a restricted level provides adequate cobalt for Vitamin B12 synthesis and for other physiological purposes. 14. Feeding standards for the maintenance and growth of the elephant are formulated in terms of Dry matter, DCP, TDN, DE and ME values. 15. The concentrations of Vitamin B12 in blood plasma of the adult and young elephants are found to be on an average 18.05 and 16.94/ug/100 ml respectively. 16. Adult and young elephants fed palm leaf maintain sound nutritional status, adjudged from haematological values. The significance of the above inferences is discussed briefly. Summary of summary 1. Two formulae based on neck girth and chest girth measurements have been devised to predict the body weights of the elephants to 97 per cent accuracy. 2. It has been shown that whenever palm leaf forms the sole source of feed for the elephant, there is a need for a phosphorus supplement. 3. Feeding standards in terms of Dry matter, DCP, TDN, DE and ME for the maintenance and growth of the elephant have been evolved and recommended in the form of formulae. 4. The level of Vitamin B12 in the blood of the elephant has been reported for the first time.
Genetic studies in sweet potato (ipomoea batatas(l.)lam.) a biometric approach
(Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1979) Joseph, C A; Mary George, K
Studies on the common ticks affecting live-stock in Kerala
(Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1980) Rajamohan, K; Kalyanasundaram, R