PhD Thesis

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Pomology and Floriculture

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    Enhancement of propagation efficiency in exotic varities of heliconia
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2008) Reshmi, C R; Sheela, V L
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    Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of banana
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2003) Rajamanickam, C; Rajmohan, K
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    Morpho-anatomical and molecular charecterisation of dendrobium sw .cultivars
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2003) Padmanaba Pillai, N; Sabina George, T
    An investigation on morpho-anatomical and molecular characterization of Dendrobium varieties was conducted in the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1999-2001. Fifteen Dendrobium varieties of near flowering size plants were evaluated for thi'~ growth morpho-anatomical and molecular characterization and another nine Dendrobium varieties of three year old plants were evaluated for the morpho-anatomical characters. The fifteen Dendrobium varieties differed significantly for the growth parameters viz., rate of increase in shoot girth, increase of leaf area of the shoot, leaf area at completion of leaf unfurling, leaf area at inflorescence emergence, leaf area at first flower opening, days taken from inflorescence emergence to first flower opening and days taken from inflorescence emergence to full bloom. Significant varietal difference were observed among the fifteen varieties for shoot length, shoot girth, internodal length of shoots, number of nodes per shoot, length and width of leaves, basal internodal length of stalk, number of flowers, length and width of flowers, root thickness, cortex thickness, number of layers in velaman, leaf thickness, number of stomata in the adaxial and abaxial surface of leaf, petal thickness and thickness of pigmented layers. The nine Dendrobium varieties (three year old plants) evaluated separately showed significant difference for shoot length, shoot girth, internodal length of shoots, number of nodes per shoot, length and width of leaves, number of flowers, length and width of flowers, root thickness, number of layers in cortex and velaman, leaf thickness, number of stomata in adaxial and abaxial surface of leaf, petal thickness and thickness of pigmeted layers. High GCV and PCV were observed for petal thickness followed by number of flowers, while high heritability was observed for petal thickness and length and width of flowers. Petal thickness, number of stomata in the abaxial surface of leaves and number of flowers exhibit high heritability along with genetic advance. The shoot length showed significant positive genotypic correlation with shoot girth, number of nodes per shoot, number of laminate leaves per shoot. length and width of the leaves. The number of flowers showed positive correlation with length and width of flowers. High genotypic correlation was observed between the length of inflorescence and number of nodes per shoot as well as the width of leaves. Significant positive environment correlation was observed between shoot length and number of nodes per shoot, length of leaves, width of leaves. The genetic diversity among the fifteen Dendrobium varieties was studied using Mahalanobis 02 analysis. The fifteen varieties were grouped into three clusters. The qualitative characters of leaf and flowers were analysed for all the 24 Dendrobium varieties used in the investigation. Molecular characterization of fifteen Dendrobium varieties evaluated in the experiment I was carried out using RAPD technique. The ON A yield varied from 120 to 225 ng/ ml. The primers OPA-19, OPB-02, OPB-04 and OPB-I0 yielded good resolution bands out of 40 decamer primers tested. These primers amplify 44 RAPD markers of which 39 were polymorphic and five were monomorphic. The Similarity Coefficients value of the varieties ranged from 0.2667 to 0.8824. The genetic distance ranged from 0.1176 to 0.5806. The fifteen varieties got divided into six clusters on drawing a vertical line in the Dendrogram at a distance of 0425. A detailed descriptive blank of 24 Dendrobium varieties evaluated in the investigation was prepared.
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    Optimization of shade, nutrients and growth regulators for cut-flower production in anthurium
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1997) Salvy, B R; Valsalakumari, P K
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    Genetic diversity and canopy management in jack fruit (artocarpus heterophyllus lam.)
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Muthulakshmi, P; Lila Mathew, K
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    In vitro multiplication and genetic improvement of tuberose (polianthes tuberosa linn.)
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Anu Krishnan, G; Geetha, C K
    Investigations on in vitro propagation and genetic improvement of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa Linn.) were carried out in the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 1999-2002. The main objectives were to develop techniques for in vitro regeneration of commercial varieties of tuberose, viz., Single, Double, Shringar and Suvasini from different explant sources and attempt to create variability through mutation breeding for cormnercial exploitation. The scale stem sections from bulbs Were found to be the ideal explant for the enhanced release of axillary buds.Inflorescence segments containing immature flower buds were ideal for somatic organogenesis, whether direct or callus mediated. The best sterilization treatment was treating with Bavistin 0.1 per cent for 30 minutes, followed by ethyl alcohol 50 per cent for 3 minutes and mercuric chloride 0.10 per cent for 30 minutes for scale stem sections. For inflorescence segments treatment with 0.10 per cent mercuric chloride for 10 minutes alone was enough. Early release of buds and further growth of buds were better in MS medium supplemented with BAP 6.0 mg r' + KIN 4.0 mg r', in all the varieties. On subculturing elongated buds onto the same medium, high rate of multiple axillary bud production was observed. The rate of axillary bud production and callusing were low with BAP in combination with NAA. Elongation of multiple -axillary buds was obtained in half strength MS medium devoid of growth regulators. The elongated shoots produced maximum number of roots in MS medium supplemented with IBA 4.0 mg r' + 0.2 per cent activated charcoal. Plantlet survival was maximum when the cultures were left in the culture vessels till the media dried out partially and planted out in disposable cups containing cocopeat under mist chamber. Field performance of plants derived from tissue culture was comparable with the plants produced by conventional methods. Direct organogenesis could be obtained from immature inflorescence segments in MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.2 + BAP 2.0 + KIN 1.0 to 3.0 I -I mg . Among the various explants tried for callus mediated organogenesis, the inflorescence segments containing immature flower buds were the most ideal for callus initiation, growth and differentiation. Callus index was maximum when inoculated into the modified MS medium supplemented with NAA 15.0 to 20.0 mg r' + adenine sulphate 10.0 mg r'. The callus differentiated into shoots in MS medium supplemented with BAP in combination with KIN. Mutation breeding has been attempted to induce variability via. in vitro mutagenesis and in vivo methods. For in vitro mutagenesis, safest dose of irradiation at culture establishment stage, shoot proliferation stage and callusing stage were 15 Gy, " 15 Gy and 10 Gy, respectively. Some variations noticed in the plantlets reverted to normal behaviour after planting out. Considering the efficacy of different doses of mutagens in creating variability through in vivo methods, gamma rays at 15 Gy and 20 Gy as well as EMS at 1.0 and 2.0 per cent, were most effective. Morphological variants like chlorophyll mutants, branched flower stalk mutants compact inflorescence mutants and non flowering mutants were observed at different levels of mutagens. Based on growth parameters and floral characters, mne mutants were isolated, viz., dwarf mutants, high tiller mutants, non tillering mutants, compact inflorescence mutants, tall mutants, long leaf mutants, broad leaf mutants, large flower mutants and large inflorescence mutants. They retained the characters in V:rxh generation also and were evaluated for genetic parameters. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic gain were noticed for number of flowers per spike, spike length, flower diameter, leaf length and leaf width which indicate that the observed variability is heritable and that there IS considerable scope for genetic improvement with respect to these traits. Comparisons made between parents and mutants based on Isozyme analysis revealed differences in banding pattern. The banding pattern of esterase, peroxidase and catalase were different in mutants and their parents.
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    Improvement of anthurium andreanum lind by in vivo and in vitro methods172076
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Leena Ravidas; Valsala Kumari, P K
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    Characterisation of traditional mango (mangifera indica L.) varieties of southern Kerala
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2006) Simi, S; Rajmohan, K
    Attempts were made at the Department of Pomology and Floriculture and the Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during June 2003 to December 2005 for characterizing the traditional mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties of southern Kerala. Field visits were made in order to locate the varieties, to conduct survey and to collect the research materials. Fifty varieties were located in the four districts of southern Kerala, Trivandrum (17), Kollam (10), Pathanamthitta (6) and Alappuzha (17). Wide variability could be observed in the vegetative characters. The varieties / accessions varied remarkably in the vegetative characters like tree height, tree habit, leaf shape, leaf margin and leaf tip. Leaf length, leaf width and petiole length varied significantly between the varieties. The varieties / accessions varied widely with respect to the floral characters like position of inflorescence, shape, length, colour and density of flowers and season and regularity of flowering. The percentage of hermaphrodite flowers ranged from 8.4 (Velutha Muvandan) to 96.0 (Eara Local). The fruit characters like shape, presence of basal cavity, beak type, sinus type, presence of groove, type and slope of shoulders and apex exhibited by the varieties / accessions showed remarkable variation. High variability in fruit length, breadth, thickness, weight and volume could also be observed among the varieties / accessions. Muthalamookan recorded the highest length, breadth, thickness, weight and volume of fruits and Puliyan manga recorded the lowest values. Fruit weight ranged from 37.5 g to 826.0 g. Skin characters like colour, thickness, texture and weight also showed high variability. Percentage contribution of skin weight to the fruit weight varied from 8.4 (Ambalathara Local) to 37.7 (Puliyan). The different varieties varied considerably in the various flesh characters like weight, texture, adherence of skin to pulp, fibre content and colour. Pulp weight ranged from 14.8 g to 676.0g. Stone characters showed wide variation among the accessions. Quality characters of fruits varied widely among the accessions. Titrable acidity ranged from 0.12 per cent (Nedungolan) to 4.03 per cent (Eara Local). Ascorbic acid content ranged from 3.08 (Neendakara manga) to 119.05 (Natumav Type-2) mg / 100g. The total carotenoid content varied from 0.21 (Natumav Type-4) to 7.97 mg / 100g (Karpoora Varikka). The TSS of ripe fruits ranged from 8.77 to 25.71 0 Brix. Total sugar content ranged from 2.0 (Natumav Type-4) to 22.2 per cent (Neenda Karpooram). The reducing sugar content ranged from 0.9 per cent (Kalluketty) to 6.1 per cent (Perakka manga). Non- reducing sugar content varied from 0.81 per cent (Natumav Type-4)to 16.8 (Neenda Karpooram ). The crude fibre content in fruit pulp ranged from 0.4 per cent (Nedungolan) to 2.92 per cent (Natumav Type-3). Perakka manga was rated as the best in organoleptic evaluation. The accessions, Pulichi, Natumav Type- 2, Natumav Type-5, Kalluketty, Vellari Type-1and Kalkanda Vellari can be recommended as outstanding in pickling qualities. Of the table types, Nedungolan, Perakka manga, Muthalamookkan, Vellari Type-2, Karpooram manga and Neenda Karpooram can be recommended as superior with respect to important economic characters like fruit weight, pulp content and eating quality. Among the dual types, Kotookonam Varikka, Velutha Muvandan, Karpoora Varikka, Ambalathara Local and Kizhakkan Thali can be recommended as excellent in overall acceptability. DNA was extracted from young leaves using CTAB method (Dellaporta et al., 1983) with slight modification (Anuj et al., 2004). A total of 157 RAPDs (average of 3.74 bands per primer) were generated on PCR amplification using 42 decamer primers, of which 96.18 per cent (151 bands) were polymorphic. This accounts to an average of 3.6 bands per primer. Of these, ten primers yielded 92 scorable bands with an average of 9.2 bands per primer. The number of bands resolved per amplification varied from six to fourteen. A genetic similarity matrix was constructed using the Jaccard’s coefficient method. The pair wise similarity coefficient values ranged from 0.217 to 0.833. In the dendrogram, the thirty accessions subjected to RAPD analysis, were observed to group into seven clusters. The largest cluster contained 20 accessions. Four table varieties, Kappa manga, Mylapore manga, Neenda Karpooram and Kandiyoor Local were grouped together. All these were soft fleshed. Muthalamookan and Kolambi manga clustered together. Puliyan, Perakka manga, Kalluketty and Champa Varikka formed four separate clusters. Similarity assessment based on morphological and quality characters suggested that there was very high diversity among the traditional mango varieties. The pair wise similarity coefficient values varied between 0.042 and 0.708. The clustering pattern based on RAPD analysis was not strictly in accordance with that based on morphological and quality characters.
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    Evaluation, molecular characterisation and in vitro propagation of heliconias
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2005) Smitha Babu; Sheela, V L
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    Regulation of growth and flowering in dendrobium var. sonia 17
    (Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticultutre, Vellanikkara, 2000) Swapna, S; Rajeevan, P K